Open Access Policy

The PUP Journal of Science and Technology (PUPJST) is committed to the principles of open access, ensuring that all published articles are freely available to researchers, educators, and the public worldwide without subscription or paywall restrictions.

The journal follows a no-fee open-access policy, meaning that authors are not required to pay any submission or publication fees.

This open-access article is distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).