The PUP Journal of Science and Technology (PUPJST) is committed to promoting open access and ensuring the ethical dissemination of scholarly work. This policy outlines the copyright terms and usage rights for all published articles.

Author Rights and Copyright Ownership

• Authors retain full copyright ownership of their published work.

• By submitting to PUPJST, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish, distribute, and archive the article in print and digital formats.