Pagtataguyod sa Búhay, Dangal, at Ginhawa: Ang Pilosopiya ng Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas (Nurturing Life, Dignity, and Comfort: The Philosophy of Philippine History)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70922/j7pe1b35Keywords:
history, nation's virtues, Philippine history, Philosophy of Philippine historyAbstract
Among the studies on our nation’s history, the schools of historical thought that have long inspired and guided us while we delve into the past stand out. There are the Filipino lens by Rizal, the “nationalist history” by Agoncillo and Constantino, the “history from below” by Ileto, the pantayong pananaw (from-ours-to-ours perspective) by Salazar, and the kaloobang bayan (nation’s virtues) by Villan. Laudable are these contributions by our esteemed historians, since they help us in digging deeper into what has our race experienced. However, by and large, the studies have not yet fully grasped what our nation’s history is really for. Using primary and secondary sources and contemporary studies, this paper aims to prove that championing our people’s virtues such as búhay (life), dangal (dignity), and ginhawa (comfort) is the goal, philosophy, or for what the history of the Philippines really stands.
Downloads
References
Abrera, M. B. L. at Lapar, D. A. (Mga Patnugot). (1993). Paksa, Paraan at Pananaw sa Kasaysayan: Ulat ng Unang Pambansang Kumperensya sa Historiograpiyang Pilipino, 27 March - 1 April 1989. Departamento ng Kasaysayan, Unibersidad ng Pilipinas.
Alcina, F. I. (2005). Historia de las islas e indios de Bisayas … 1668. (Kobak, C. J., at Gutierrez, L., Mga Tagapagsalin), History of the Bisayan People in the Philippine Islands. UST Publishing House. (1668)
Agoncillo, T. A. (1958 Agosto 24). “An Interpretation of Our History Under Spain.” Sunday Times Magazine.
Bonifacio, A. (1896) “Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog.” Nása Santos, J. P. Si Andres Bonifacio at ang Himagsikan. (1935). La Opinion.
Bonifacio, A. (1896). “Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan.” Nása Santos, J. P. Si Andres Bonifacio at ang Himagsikan. (1935). La Opinion.
Boxer Codex. (1591/2016). Vibal Foundation.
Constantino, R. R. (1975). The Philippines: A Past Revisited. Tala Publishing Services.
Covar, P. R. (1993). Kaalamang Bayang Dalumat ng Pagkataong Pilipino. Diliman Review 41(1), pp. 5-11.
Chua, M. C. B. (2014). Ang Kaugnayan ng Mabuting Kalooban sa Dalumat ng Kalayaan at Pagkabansa ng Katipunan. Saliksik E-Journal 3(2), pp. 79-91. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+3+No.+2+%282014%29%2FMgaA%2F02-Chua.pdf&di=5488
Chua, M. C. B. (2019). Public History sa Pilipinas Tungo sa Isang Kasaysayang Pangmadla. Historical Bulletin, LIII, pp. 1-41.
Darangen: In original Maranao verse, with English translation. (1986). University Research Center, Mindanao State University.
Elumbre, A. L. (2014). Kaisipan at Karanasan sa Ugnayang Panlabas ng Katipunan, 1892-1897. Saliksik E-Journal 3(2), pp. 142-168. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+3+No.+2+%282014%29%2FMgaA%2F04_Elumbre.pdf&di=5490
Elumbre, A. L. (2020). “Discursive experiments in vernacularizing international studies in the Philippines.” Nása F.A. Cruz & N.M. Adiong (Mga Patnugot), International studies in the Philippines: Mapping new frontiers in theory and practice (pp. 102-120). Routledge.
Enriquez, V. G. (1978). “Kapwa: A Core Concept in Filipino Social Psychology.” Philippine Social Sciences and Humanities Review, KLII(1-4), pp. 100-108.
Esquejo, K. R. (2002). “‘Gahum, Kahimtangan, kag Bugal’: Isang Alternatibong Pagbasa sa Maagang Kasaysayan ng Misyong Baptist sa Pilipinas, 1898–1922.” MALAY 34(2), pp. 16-28. https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/malay/vol34/iss2/4/.
Guillermo, R. (2003) “Exposition, Critique and New Directions for Pantayong Pananaw.” Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia. (3). https://kyotoreview.org/issue-3-nations-and-stories/exposition-critique-and-new-directions-for-pantayong-pananaw/.
Jacinto, E. (1896). “Liwanag at Dilim.” Nása Santos, J.P. Buhay at mga Sinulat ni Emilio
Jacinto. (1935). La Opinion.
Javar, R.C. (2016). Kasaysayang Buhay: Pananaw, Pamamaraan, Pananaliksik. Saliksik E-Journal, 5(2), pp. 1-47. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.phpid=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+5+No.+2+%282016%29%2FP%2F04+Pambungad-Javar.pdf&di=11413
Jocano, F. L. (2004). Hinilawod: Adventures of Humadapnon. Punlad Research House.
Jocano, F. L. (1965). The Epic of Labaw Donggon. University of the Philippines Press.
Jose, dL. M. D. at Navarro, A. M. (2004). Katawan at Kaluluwa sa Kronikang Espanyol: Pagtatalaban ng seuksuwalidad at espiritwalidad noong dantaon 16-18. Daluyan: Journal ng Wikang Filipino, XII(1), pp. 64-80. https://www.academia.edu/93712405/Katawan_at_Kaluluwa_sa_Kronikang_Espanyol_Pagtatalaban_ng_Seksuwalidad_at_Espiritwalidad_noong_Dantaon_16_18.
Katipunan. (1892). Casaysayan; Pinagcasunduan; Manga daquilang cautosan. https://www.kasaysayan-kkk.info/foundational-documents/casaysayan-pinagcasunduan-manga-daquilang-cautosan-january-1892.
Kimuell-Gabriel, N. (2014). Andres Bonifacio: Kapookan, Kaisipan, at Kabayanihan. Saliksik E-Journal, 3(2), pp. 1-25. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+3+No.+2+%282014%29%2FP%2F04+Pambungad-Kimuell-Gabriel.pdf&di=5486
Kimuell-Gabriel, N. (2014). Ang Tundo ni Bonifacio, Si Bonifacio sa Tundo. Saliksik E-Journal, 3(2), pp. 26-78. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+3+No.+2+%282014%29%2FMgaA%2FKimuell.pdf&di=5487
Kimuell-Gabriel, N. (2017). Ang Araling Kababaihan at Kasarian sa Araling Pilipino at Wikang Filipino: Kalagayan at Hinaharap. Saliksik E-Journal, 6(2), pp. 1-96. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+6+No.+2+%282017%29%2FP%2F04+Pambungad-Kimuell-Gabriel.pdf&di=13633
Lasco, Lorenz. Ang “Kalibre 45” at ang Pakikibaka ng mga Mandirigmang Pilipino. Saliksik E-Journal, 3(2), pp. 275-306. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+3+No.+2+%282014%29%2FMgaA%2F09-Lasco.pdf&di=5495
Loarca de, M. (1582/1903). Relación de las Islas Filipinas. Nása The Philippine Islands 1493-1898. Emma Blair and James Alexander Robertson (Mga Tagapagsalin). Tomo V. The Arthur H. Clark Company.
Malagar, E. M. (1980). The Guman of Dumalinao: A Suban-on Folk Epic. Xavier University, Ateneo de Davao University, Ateneo de Zamboanga.
Maquiso, E. G. (1977). Ulahingan: An Epic of Sourthern Philippines, Series 1. Silliman University Press.
Navarro, A. M. at Abejo, R. A. G. (1998). UP LIKAS—Wika, Panitikan, Sining at Himagsikan. UP Lipunang Pangkasaysayan.
Navarro, A. M., Rodriguez-Tatel, M. J. B., at Villan, V. C. (2008). Kaalaman at Pamamaraan sa Pagtuturo ng Kasaysayan. Bagong Kasaysayan, Inc.
Navarro, A. M., Orillos-Juan, M. F., Reguidin, J. S., Elumbre, A. L. (2012). Kasaysayang Pampook: Pananaw, Pananaliksik, at Pagtuturo. Limbagang Pangkasaysayan.
Navarro, A. M. at Elumbre, A. L. (2014). Nonay: Limot na Bayani ng Himagsikan. Saliksik E-Journal, 3(2), pp. 238-258. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+3+No.+2+%282014%29%2FMgaA%2F07+Navarro+at+Elumbre.pdf&di=5493
Navarro, A. M. (2019). Ang kahalagahan ng araling kabanwahan sa konteksto ng globalisasyon at pandaigdigang paglakas ng malayong kanan. Limbagang Pangkasaysayan. Nása dL. Jose, M. D., Navarro, A. M., Ong, Jerome A. (Mga Patnugot). (2021). Araling Pang-Erya at Araling Kabanwahan. Department of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines, Manila.
Nunag, A. S. (2014). Mga Bagong Pagtingin kay Andres Bonifacio at sa Katipunan. Saliksik E-Journal, 3(2), pp. 92-141. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+3+No.+2+%282014%29%2FMgaA%2F03-Nunag.pdf&di=5489
Ocampo, Nilo (1976). Paunang Salita. Nása Nilo Ocampo (Patnugot), LIKAS: Dyornal ng Kasaysayan, 1(1), pp. v-vi.
Orillos-Juan, M. F. Y. (2016). Kasaysayang Pangkapaligiran at Araling Pangkapaligiran sa Wikang Filipino: Katayuan at Tunguhin. Saliksik E-Journal, 5(1), 1-43. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+5+No.+1+%282016%29%2FP%2F04+Pambungad_Orillos_Juan.pdf&di=9817
Reguindin-Estella, J. S. (2014). Si Trinidad Tecson at ang Kanyang Ambag sa Himagsikang Pilipino (1896-1898). Saliksik E-Journal, 3(2), pp. 259-274. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+3+No.+2+%282014%29%2FMgaA%2F08-Reguindin-Estella.pdf&di=5494
Rizal, J. “Ang Pilipinas sa Loob ng Sandaang Taon.” (1889/1961). Mga Akdang Pampulitika at Pangkasaysayan ni Jose Rizal. Panandaang Taóng Palimbag. Pambansang Komisyon ng Ikasandaang Taon ni Jose Rizal.
Rizal, J. (1890/1962). “Pambungad.” Sa Antonio Morga, Mga Pangyayari sa Sangkapuluang Pilipinas, Mexico, 1609. May mga anostayon ni Rizal. Pambansang Komisyon ng Ikasandaang Taon ni Jose Rizal.
Rizal, J. (1890/1961). “Tungkol sa Katamaran ng mga Pilipino.” Mga Akdang Pampulitika at Pangkasaysayan ni Jose Rizal. Panandaang Taóng Palimbag. Pambansang Komisyon ng Ikasandaang Taon ni Jose Rizal.
Rodriguez-Tatel, M. J. B. (2014). Dalumat ng “Inang Bayan” at ang Pananaw ni Andres Bonifacio sa Kababaihan. Saliksik E-Journal, 3(2), pp. 214-237. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+3+No.+2+%282014%29%2FMgaA%2F06+Rodriguez-Tatel.pdf&di=5492
Rodriguez-Tatel, M. J. B. (2015). Philippine Studies/Araling Pilipino/Pilipinolohiya sa wikang Filipino: Pagpopook at pagdadalumat sa loob ng kapantasang Pilipino. Humanities Diliman 12(2), pp. 110-179. https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/humanitiesdiliman/article/view/4909/4422.
Rodriguez-Tatel, M. J. B. (2019). “Paunang Salita.” Sa Atienza, J. A., Dela Paz, D., Magpayo, J. A., at Rivas, A. (Mga Patnugot), LOOB: Ang Saklaw ng Kasaysayan ng Bansa. Bagong Kasaysayan, Inc.
Royeca, J. E. (2025). “Ang Bangang Manunggul Bílang Gambálay ng Nakaraan.” Takdang Gawain Blg. 1 na ipinása kay Dr. Mary Jane Rodriguez-Tatel para sa PS 302, Ikalawang Semestre, TA 2024-25, Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Diliman.
Salazar, Z. A. (1983). A Legacy of the Propaganda: The Tripartite View of Philippine History. Nása Salazar, Z. A. (Patnugot), The Ethnic Dimension: Papers on Philippine Culture, History and Psychology (pp. 107-126). Counselling Center for Filipinos, Caritas Association for the City of Cologne.
Salazar, Z. A. (1991). Ang Pantayong Pananaw Bilang Diskursong Pangkabihasnan. Nása Bautista, V. at Pe-Pua, R. (Mga Patnugot), Pilipinolohiva: Kasaysayan, Pilosopiya at Pananaliksik (pp. 46-72). Kalikasan Press.
Salazar, Z. A. (1998). The Malayan connection: Ang Pilipinas sa Dunia Melayu. Bagong Kasaysayan Inc.
Santos, M. J. P. at Tugano A. C. J. (Mga Patnugot). (2019). Martes sa Escaler: Klase sa Historiograpiya ni Dr. Zeus Salazar. Bahay Kasaysayan, Inc.
Santos, M. J. P. (2019). Paunang Salita. Sa Asumbrado, A.P., Monilla, P. L., Nunag, A. L. L. Nunag, at Quibot, A. S., Ang Pilosopiya ng Kasaysayang Rehiyunal; Klase sa Historiograpiya ni Dr. Zeus A. Salazar (pp. 11-20).
Santos, M. J. P. (2022). Ang 1872 sa Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas: Isang Pagsusuring Historiograpikal sa Ilang Pilipinong Historyador. Tala: An Online Journal of History, 5:1, pp. 74–88. http://talakasaysayan.org/index.php/talakasaysayan/article/view/81
Santos, M. J. P. (2023). Pantayong Pananaw Bilang Dulog sa Teolohiyang Pilipino (From-Us-for-Us Perspective as an Approach to Filipino Theology). Mabini Review, 12, pp. 109-149. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=22401
Tan, A. Q. (2014). Nasyonalismo at Pagkakakilanlan sa Musika ng Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Pagsusuri sa Misa Balintawak ni Bonifacio Abdon. Saliksik E-Journal, 3(2), pp. 307-334. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+3+No.+2+%282014%29%2FMgaA%2F10-Tan.pdf&di=5496
Tatel, C. Jr. P. (2018). Liktao at Naratibo: Salaysay ng Nakaraan, Saysay ng Sinaunang Bayan. Saliksik E-Journal, 7(3), pp. 1-14. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+7+No.+3+%282018%29%2FA%2FPambungad+ng+Patnugot.pdf&di=18043
Tugano, A. C. J. (2023). Pambungad ng Editor. Nása Tugano, A. C. J., Banwa at layag: Antolohiya ng mga kuwentong paglalakbay ng mga Pilipino sa ibayong dagat (pp. 1–81). Limbagang Pangkasaysayan. https://pages.upd.edu.ph/sites/default/files/capili/files/tugano_banwaatlayag_ed.2023.pdf
Tugano, A. C. J. (2025). Pagtatalaban ng Butò at Púki sa mga Salaysaying Bayan: Isang Kabanwahang Pagsisiyasat sa Kamalayang Katutubo Ukol sa Kasarian at Seksuwalidad. MALAY, 37(2), pp. 50-73. https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/malay/vol37/iss2/6/
Veneracion, J. B. (1971). Pagbabalik-Aral sa Tradisyong Historikal ng Pilipinas, 1900-1960. Katipunan: Dyurnal ng Panlipunang Sining at Agham, I(2) (9-24).
Villan, V. C. (2013). Ilub, Unong, at Amok: Pag-unawa sa Katatagan ng Buut ng mga Bayani sa Himagsikang Pilipino sa Panay, 1896-1898. Diwa E-Journal 1(1), pp. 58-92. https://www.pssp.org.ph/diwa/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/06-Artikulo-Villan.pdf.
Villan, V.C. (2014). Kasakupan, Pag-uugnayan, at Pag-iilihan: Isang Paggunita at Pagsasakasaysayan sa Katipunan at Himagsikang Pilipino sa Capiz, 1896-1898. Saliksik E-Journal, 3(2), pp. 169-213. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.php?id=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+3+No.+2+%282014%29%2FMgaA%2F05-Villan.pdf&
di=5491
Villan, V.C. (2017a). Kahulugan, Larangan, at Kabuluhan: Ang Panubliong Bahandi ng Pangkat-Etnikong Bisaya sa Pag-Aaral ng mga Pamanang Bayan sa Kanlurang Kabisayaan. Saliksik E-Journal, 6(1), pp. 272-299. https://ejournals.ph/function/reader1/read2/web/reader.phpid=uploads%2Farchive%2FSEJ%2FVol.+6+No.+1+%282017%29%2FArticles%2F11+Artikulo-Villan.pdf&di=11799
Villan, V. C. (2017b). Kappanimad-On: Ang Adaptibong Kasangkapang Pangwika at Pagtingin sa Ilang Tala Ukol sa Pagpapayabong ng Kaalamang-Bayan sa UP Kolehiyo ng Agham Panlipunan at Pilosopiya. TALAS: Interdisiplinaryong Journal sa Edukasyong Pangkultura, 2, pp. 211-230. https://philippineculturaleducation.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/talas-journal-02.pdf
Villan, V. C. (2020). Gunitang Bayan at Salaysaying Bayan: Ang Pamanang-lahi sa Pag-unawa ng Kalakarang Panlipunan at Produksiyong Pangkaalaman sa Pilipinas. Talas: Interdisiplinaryong Journal sa Edukasyong Pangkultura, 5, pp. 238-258. https://philippineculturaleducation.com.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/TALAS-5.pdf
Villan, V. C. (2022). Pagtalakay sa kasaysayan at nakaraan. Klase sa Kas 324, TA 2022-23, Unang Semestre, Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Diliman.
Villan, V. C. (2023). Ang larong sungka bilang pamanang bayan sa pananaliksik at pagbuo ng kaalamang pangkasaysayan sa Pilipinas. NEU Kaningningan Journal: An Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Journal of New Era University Center for Philippine Studies, 2(1), pp. 37–70. https://neuresearchcenter.com/2025/04/05/ang-larong-sungka-bilang-pamanang-bayan-sa-pananaliksik-at-pagbuo-ng-kaalamang-pangkasaysayan-sa-pilipinas/
Ubaldo, L. R. C. (2016). Mun-udi: Ang Panday na Ifugao bilang Tagapag-ingat ng Taal na Kaalaman. Cordillera Studies Center, University of the Philippines Baguio.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jon Royeca (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the SOCIAL SCIENCES AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW will be Open-Access articles distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This allows for immediate free access to the work and permits any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.