Politika sa mga Obra ng Pantas ng Pelikulang Pilipino: Ang mga Ideolohiyang Politikal sa mga Pelikula ni Ishmael Bernal (Politics in the Works of the Genius of Philippine Cinema: The Political Ideologies in the Films of Ishmael Bernal)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70922/46thh427

Keywords:

Ideological Spectrum, Hans Slomp, F.P.A. Demeterio, Political Ideology, Ishmael Bernal

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the political ideologies in five films of Ishmael Bernal: Manila by Night “City After Dark” (1980); Himala (1982); Broken Marriage (1983); Hinugot sa Langit (1985); and Pahiram ng Isang Umaga (1989). The basis of the selection of these films are the nominations and awards they received specifically from the Gawad Urian Awards which gave them either the Best Film of the Decade or the Best Picture award. As its hermeneutical lens, this paper utilized the two-dimensional ideological spectrum of the German theorist Hans Slomp, modified by F.P.A. Demeterio in his book titled Ang Mga Ideolohiyang Politikal ng Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines. This is based on the research of Felicilda and Demeterio (2019) where the said lens was used to determine the political ideologies in the five novels of the Rosales Saga by F. Sionil Jose. In order to accomplish the goal of this research, it has five substantive sections that each analyzes the following: 1) primary message and theme of the film; 2) its stand on status quo and change; 3) its esteem for the individual and state; and 4) its overall political ideology.

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Author Biographies

  • Lois Mauri Anne Liwanag, Waseda University

    Lois Mauri Anne L. Liwanag is currently a graduate student of Master of Arts in International Relations (with a specialization in Area Studies) under the research project seminar in Popular Culture in Asia at Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan. She is a recipient of the scholarship program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. She obtained her bachelor’s degree in Development Communication, summa cum laude and class valedictorian, at the Visayas State University.

  • Von Griel Capague, University of Santo Tomas

    Von Griel S. Capague is an interior design associate in Leo Almeria Design Studio. He obtained his bachelor’s degree in interior design, magna cum laude, at the University of Santo Tomas, Manila

  • Marie Frances Therese Luglug, Centro Escolar University

    Marie Frances Therese DS. Luglug is a student of Doctor of Medicine in Dentistry at Centro Escolar University, Manila. She graduated senior high school in Music, Arts, and Design strand at the University of Santo Tomas, Manila.

References

Baytan, R. (2019). On Bernal’s Homage to Manila: A Review of Joel David’s Manila by Night: A Queer Film Classic. Plaridel, 16(2), 189.

Baytan, R. (2019). The Brave and Ironic Ishmael Bernal.Direk: Essays on Filipino Filmmakers, 113.

Bernal, I. (Director). (1980). Manila by Night [Film]. Regal Entertainment. Philippines.

Bernal, I. (Director). (1982). Himala [Film]. Experimental Cinema of the Philippines. Philippines.

Bernal, I. (Director). (1983). Broken Marriage [Film]. Regal Entertainment. Philippines.

Bernal, I. (Director). (1985). Hinugot sa Langit [Film]. Regal Entertainment. Philippines.

Bernal, I. (Director). (1989). Pahiram ng Isang Umaga [Film]. Regal Entertainment. Philippines.

David, J. (2012). Forum Kritika: A closer Look at Manila by Night: An introduction. Kritika Kultura, 19, 6-13. Demeterio, F.P.A. (2012). Ang mga Ideyolohiyang Politikal ng Catholic Bishop’s Conference of the Philippines. De La Salle Publishing House.

Felicilda, J. M., & Demeterio, F. P. A. (2019). Ang mga Ideolohiyang Politikal na Nakapaloob sa Rosales Saga ni F. Sionil Jose. Humanities Diliman, 16(1).

Gawad Urian. Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino (MPP). (n.d.). Retrieved March 7, 2023, from https://manunuripelikula.com/the-gawad-urian-awards/#:~:text=Ang%20Gawad%20Urian%20ay%20pagsukat,medium%20at%20sa%20kanyang%20manonood.

Ishmael Bernal. IMDb. (n.d.). Retrieved March 7, 2023, from https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0076075/

Order of National Artists: Ishmael Bernal. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. (n.d.). Retrieved March 7, 2023, from https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-andarts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/Santos Jr., B. (2012). Bernal as Auteur: Primary Biographical Notes. Kritika Kultura, 19, 014-035.

Santos, C. A. C. (2018). Buhay at mga Pelikula ni Ishmael Bernal sa Harap ng Batas Militar. Saliksik E-Journal, 7(2), 1-1.

Tolentino, R. B. (2012). Marcos, Brocka, Bernal, City Films, and the Contestation for Imagery of Nation. Kritika Kultura, (19).

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Published

2025-11-06

Issue

Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): Social Sciences and Development Review

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2023 Lois Mauri Anne Liwanag, Von Griel Capague, Marie Frances Therese Luglug (Author)

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Articles published in the SOCIAL SCIENCES AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW will be Open-Access articles distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This allows for immediate free access to the work and permits any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.

How to Cite

Liwanag, L. M. A. ., Capague, V. G., & Luglug, M. F. T. (2025). Politika sa mga Obra ng Pantas ng Pelikulang Pilipino: Ang mga Ideolohiyang Politikal sa mga Pelikula ni Ishmael Bernal (Politics in the Works of the Genius of Philippine Cinema: The Political Ideologies in the Films of Ishmael Bernal). Social Sciences and Development Review, 15(1), 23-45. https://doi.org/10.70922/46thh427