Community Development Initiatives Implementation and Disaster Risk Management Practices in Calamba City Barangays
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70922/hkmtd328Keywords:
Community development, community frameworks, disaster risk management, initiatives implementation.Abstract
This study examined the relationship between community development frameworks and disaster risk management (DRM) practices using a quantitative descriptive correlational design. Data were gathered from 150 respondents, 40 barangay officials, and 110 community members from Barangays Palingon, Lingga, and Sampiruhan in Calamba City through a validated researcher-made survey (CVR = 1.00) utilizing a four-point Likert scale. Statistical analyses included a paired T-test (.05 significance level) and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation.
Findings indicated that community development initiatives and DRM practices were generally "Fully Implemented" and "Fully Manifested," with Self-Understanding (3.49) and Preparedness (3.62) receiving the highest ratings, while Engage and Empower, Reflect and Celebrate (3.35), and Recovery (3.46) were the lowest. Significant differences were observed in Preparedness (p = 0.001) and Reflect and Celebrate (p = 0.044), while Self-Understanding (p = 0.175) showed no significant difference.
Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships, with Engage and Response (p = 0.001) as the strongest and Reflect and Preparedness (p = 0.026) as the weakest, while no significant relationship was found in Reflect and Mitigation (p = 0.877). To enhance disaster preparedness and response, an action plan was proposed to equip barangay officials with hands-on training in Incident Command System (ICS) Level 1.
Downloads
References
Abdussalam, O., Olatunde, B., Babajide, A., Adedeji, O., & Adeofin, A. (2024). Institutional framework for disaster risk management in Nigeria: Need for a paradigm shift. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 28(1). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jasem/article/view/275518
Adric, K., Cvetkovic, V., & Ivanov, A. (2023). Comparative analysis of disaster risk management systems in Germany, USA, Russia, and China. Central and Eastern European Online Library. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1222136
Ali, S., Alam, A., Bhat, M. S., & Shah, A. H. (2020). Using historical data for developing a hazard and disaster profile of the Kashmir Valley for the period 1900–2020. Natural Hazards, 112(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05440-6
Awah, I. E., Nyam, G. G., Belle, J. A., & Orimoloye, I. R. (2024). Understanding drivers of changing flood dynamics for enhancing coastal community resilience: A participatory approach. Regional Environmental Change, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02276-7
Badawi, A. A., & Abdullah, Y. A. (2021). Effectiveness of NGOs’ initiatives in facilitating disaster risk management efforts for vulnerable communities in Egypt. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 17(3), 188–202. https://jssm.umt.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2022/05/Article-16-JSSM-Volume-17-Number-3-March-2022.pdf
Bang, H. N. (2024). Sustainable development goals, disaster risk management, and indigenous knowledge: A critical assessment of the interlinkages. Sustainable Earth Reviews. https://sustainableearthreviews.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42055-024-00101-x
Basri, N. E. A., Zakaria, N., & Majid, T. A. (2020). Exploring awareness and application of the disaster risk management cycle (DRMC) from stakeholders’ perspectives. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 11(4), 467–482. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDRBE-09-2020-0105
Bello, M. B. (2023). An understanding of Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth, 15(1), 175–190. https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/cjfy/index.php/cjfy/article/view/29905
Brunken, H. (2024). Resilience and vulnerability in disaster management (Doctoral dissertation, Umeå University). DiVA. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1871607
Cvetkovic, V., Tanacic, I., Ocal, N., Kesetovic, Z., Nikolic, M., & Dragasevic, S. (2021). Capacity development of local self-governments for disaster risk management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910406
Cvetkovic, V. M. (2023). A predictive model of community disaster resilience based on social identity influences. Central and Eastern European Online Library. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1206425
Dancalan, R. B., Dela Cruz, M. S., Amparo, M. S., Jimena, E. R., & Alviar, J. B. (2019). Designing a disaster resilient city: A study of the institutionalization process of the Marikina City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office. CORE. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/249336663.pdf
Dehalwar, S., & Sharma, P. (2024). Exploring the distinction between quantitative and qualitative research methods. Think India Journal, 27(1), 115–123. https://www.thinkindiaquarterly.org/index.php/think-india/article/view/20451
Dulawan, J. A., Imamura, F., Amaguchi, H., & Ohara, Y. (2024). Social drivers of flood vulnerability: Understanding household perspectives and persistence of living in flood zones of Metro Manila, Philippines. Water, 16(6), 799. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16060799
Fjader, A. (2021). Developing partnerships for building resilience. In R. P. D. Collins & M. P. Harada (Eds.), Building resilience in disaster risk management (pp. 225-238). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61278-8_12
Geekiyanage, S., Fernando, T., & Keraminiyage, K. (2020). Assessing the state of the art in community engagement for participatory decision-making in disaster risk-sensitive urban development. Procedia Engineering, 212, 1080-1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2020.01.224
Iqbal, K., Raza, S. M. M., Manhood, T., & Riaz, M. (2024). Exploring mixture estimator in stratified random sampling. PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307607
Khan, M. A., Ali, A., Wagas, A., Ullah, S., Shah, M., & Imran, M. (2022). Investing in disaster relief and recovery: A reactive approach to disaster management in Pakistan. Procedia Engineering, 282, 1059-1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2022.02.154
Kurata, M., Ong, A. M., Ang, M. M., Angeles, R. M., Bornilla, J. L., & Fabia, R. C. (2023). Factors affecting flood disaster preparedness and mitigation in flood-prone areas in the Philippines: An integration of protection motivation theory and theory of planned behaviour. Sustainability, 15(8), 6657. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086657
Manz, J. A. (2023). The role of self-celebrations in teachers' resilience (Doctoral dissertation, Southern New Hampshire University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. https://search.proquest.com/openview/5fc036d2965da239e92cde2517d4a63b/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Mendoza, M., & Flor, L. (2024). Participatory video as a capacity-building tool on disaster risk reduction management: The case of a Philippine urban youth group in Bay, Laguna. Journal of Public Affairs and Development, 10(2), 45-61. https://ovcre.uplb.edu.ph/journals-uplb/index.php/JPAD/article/view/1216
Mort, M., Rodriguez-Giralt, I., & Delicado, A. (2020). Children and young people’s participation in disaster risk reduction. In Children and young people in disaster risk reduction (pp. 34-47). Policy Press. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/43022/9781447354437.pdf?sequence=1#page=34
Monzalve, L. R., Valladares, L. A., & Diaz, C. G. (2024). Relationship between political participation and community resilience in the disaster risk process: A systematic review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 60, 102357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.102357
Muzamil, M., Zainun, R., Ajman, S., Sulaiman, M., Khahro, R., Rohani, M., & Ahmad, A. (2022). Proposed framework for the flood disaster management cycle in Malaysia. Sustainability, 14(7), 4088. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074088
Nkombi, L., & Wentink, D. (2022). The role of public participation in disaster risk reduction initiatives: The case of Katlehong Township. JÁMBÁ: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 14(1), 1203. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1203
Odeja, P. B., & Castillo, R. D. (2020). Resilience is not a one-step process: The importance of focusing on the post-recovery phase at the Global South. In Resilience and recovery in global disasters (pp. 507-514). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32811-5_71-1
Peters, K., & Tanner, T. (2022). Resilience across the post-2015 frameworks: How to create greater coherence. Overseas Development Institute. https://odi.org/documents/5363/11006.pdf
Pickering, A. (2023). Youth perspective on participation in disaster risk reduction: An asset-based approach (Master’s thesis, University of Ottawa). RUOR Repository. https://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/44936
Poland, B., Gloger, A., Morgan, T., Lach, D., Jackson, B., Urban, R., & Rolston, H. (2021). A connected community approach: Citizens and formal institutions working together to build community-centered resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910175
Rabonza, M., Lallemant, D., Lin, Y. C., Tadepalli, S., Wagenaar, D., Nguyen, M., Choong, J., Liu, C. J. N., Sarica, G. M., Widawati, B. A. M., Balbi, M., Khan, F., Loos, S., & Lim, T. N. (2022). Shedding light on avoided disasters: Measuring the invisible benefits of disaster risk management using probabilistic counterfactual analysis. Nanyang Technological University. https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/handle/10356/153502
Rana, M. S., & Rahman, M. M. (2023). Community-based disaster risk management: A good practice of rural Bangladesh. Article4Submit. http://archive.article4submit.com/id/eprint/1613/
Ryan, R., Johnson, M., Taylor, L., & McAndrew, R. (2020). Community engagement for disaster preparedness: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 49, 101688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101688
Sandoval, D., Voss, M., Florchinger, M., Lorenz, A., & Jafari, R. (2023). Integrated disaster management (IDRM): Elements to advance its study and assessment. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 14(2), 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-023-00490-1
Sarmiento, E. M., Wangdale, L. M., Ilagan, J. P., & Rasuman, R. F. (2020). Typhoon awareness and flood management measures: The case of Barangay Santo Domingo, Bay, Laguna, Philippines. International Journal of Science and Management Studies, 3(3), 109-115. https://web.archive.org/web/20200715092459id_/http://ijsmsjournal.org/
Senevirathne, S., Amaratunga, D., Haigh, R., & Clegg, S. (2024). Enhancing systemic risk management to strengthen community resilience: Key recommendations from state-of-the-art practices of past complex incidents. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 75, 102846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.102846
Shannon, S., & O’Leary, M. (2020). Local government: Engaging and empowering local communities. Institute of Public Administration. https://www.ipa.ie/_fileUpload/Documents/LocalGov_EngagingandEmpoweringLocalComm.pdf
Syum, B. (2019). Community-based disaster management approach in the case of Ethiopian Somali Regional State. Saint Mary's University of Canada. http://repository.smuc.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/5856/1/Beza%20Syum-MPA.pdf
Tan, P. (2020). Community evacuation centers in Calamba City, Laguna (NRC 140-GH3L). ArcGIS StoryMaps. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/7945f9095d0b48cb91d60279df389ff1
Tjale, M., Muchaku, G., Magaiza, B., Sharma, D., Singh, R., & Mwale, F. (2024). Review of community development initiatives for poverty reduction in South Africa. Interdisciplinary Journal of Rural and Community Studies. https://pubs.ufs.ac.za/index.php/ijrcs/article/view/1136
Valibeigi, H., Taghipour, M., Dehrashid, R., & Asvadi, F. (2024). Disaster risk management and resilience assessment of small communities in Iran. World Scientific. https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S2345748124500118
Wen, J., Wan, C., Ye, Q., Yan, J., & Li, W. (2023). Disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and their linkages with sustainable development over the past 30 years: A review. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13753-023-00472-3
Williams, A., Arguillas, M. J., & Arguillas, F. (2020). Major storms, rising tides, and wet feet: Adapting to flood risk in the Philippines. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, 101681. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212420920313121
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jose Roderick Aguila (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the SOCIAL SCIENCES AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW will be Open-Access articles distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This allows for immediate free access to the work and permits any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.