The Pursuit of Fulfillment: A Phenomenological Study of Street Sweepers in the Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70922/76xm8z19Keywords:
Fulfillment , Happiness, Phenomenological Study, Satisfaction, Street SweepersAbstract
Street sweepers are one of the most vulnerable groups of workers nowadays due to their working conditions, tenure of employment, health issues, and socio-economic status. Nevertheless, they are the driving force behind the maintenance of solid waste management and the cleanliness of cities. Using the Self-Determination Theory as the framework of this study, this paper aims to explore the sense of fulfillment experienced by street sweepers in Tangub City, Misamis Occidental. Using phenomenological research design, eight (8) street sweepers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide questionnaire. The gathered data were transcribed, validated, and analyzed using the Braun and Clarke thematic analysis approach. Results revealed four (4) emerging themes: maintaining community cleanliness and orderliness, upholding professional integrity and work ethic, being acknowledged and respected in the community, and supporting family livelihood and well-being. In conclusion, the sense of fulfillment of street sweepers is driven by their sense of orientation, commitment, and accountability, how the community values them, and how the work sustains the physiological needs of their families. The city government should recognize the invaluable contributions of street sweepers by ensuring fair wages, benefits, job security, and recognition initiatives, which can foster greater motivation and job satisfaction. Future research could explore ways to improve job security and benefits for workers in similar sectors, ensuring their efforts are recognized and adequately rewarded.
Downloads
References
AA, E., ES, M., MA, R., TM, H., & AE, A. (2013). Occupational health-related morbidities among street sweepers and waste collectors at Beni-Suef, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine, 37(1), 79-94. https://shorturl.at/gqsJ5
Adedeji, K. A., Adebesin, E., & Adekunle, A. (2020). DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A STREET SWEEPING MACHINE. Int. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. Technol, 5(2), 626-630. https://ijeast.com/papers/626-630,Tesma502,IJEAST.pdf
Adeoye‐Olatunde, O. A., & Olenik, N. L. (2021). Research and scholarly methods: Semi‐structured interviews. Journal of the american college of clinical pharmacy, 4(10), 1358-1367. https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1441
Ahmad, K. M., & Shah, H. (2022). Between Caste and Occupation: Issues of Sweeper Community in Kashmir. Contemporary Voice of Dalit, 2455328X221108286. https://doi.org/10.1177/2455328X221108286
Alie, M., Abich, Y., Demissie, S. F., Weldetsadik, F. K., Kassa, T., Shiferaw, K. B., ... & Assefa, Y. A. (2023). Magnitude and possible risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among street sweepers and solid waste workers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 24(1), 1-10. https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-023-06619-z
Abrha Hagazi Tsegay, S. P. D. (2021). Design, Modelling and Analysis of Mini-Motorized Road Cleaning Machine. https://www.academia.edu/download/70377715/IRJET_V8I5585.pdf
Bailey, C., & Madden, A. (2017). Time reclaimed: temporality and the experience of meaningful work. Work, employment and society, 31(1), 3-18. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/0950017015604100
Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(10), 2045-2068. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02690.x
Braun, V., Clarke, V.: Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 3(2), 77–101 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Bynum, W., & Varpio, L. (2018). When I say… hermeneutic phenomenology. Medical Education, 52(3), 252-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13414
Byrne, D. (2022). A worked example of Braun and Clarke’s approach to reflexive thematic analysis. Quality & quantity, 56(3), 1391-1412. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11135-021-01182-y
Cascio, W. F. (2003). Changes in workers, work, and organizations. In W. C. Borman, D. R. Ilgen, & R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology, Vol. 12, pp. 401–422). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471264385.wei1216
Creswell, J. W., & Báez, J. C. (2020). 30 essential skills for the qualitative researcher. Sage Publications. https://shorturl.at/6ILTX
DeCharms, R. (1968). Personal Causation: The internal affective determinants of behavior. New York: AcademicPress. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315825632
Gebremedhn, M. G., & Raman, P. V. (2020). Socio economic and health status of street sweepers of Mekelle city, Ethiopia. Waste Management, 103, 251-259.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.024
Gidwani, V. (2015). The work of waste: inside India’s infra-economy. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 40(4), 575–595. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24583010
Goswami, S., & Divi, S. (2019). Factors Affecting the Cleanliness of Urban Streets: Perspective of Street Sweepers of Ahmedabad. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-2136.2019.00004.3
Habybabady, R. H., Sis, H. N., Paridokht, F., Ramrudinasab, F., Behmadi, A., Khosravi, B., & Mohammadi, M. (2018). Effects of dust exposure on the respiratory health symptoms and pulmonary functions of street sweepers. The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS, 25(6), 76. https://doi.org/10.21315%2Fmjms2018.25.6.8
Idrees, A., Kashif, M., Kompal, R., Umar, A., Nadeem, I., & Fatima, R. (2023). Musculoskeletal discomfort and wrist flexor tendonitis among street sweepers and associated risk factors. Work, (Preprint), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-220253
Jeong, B. Y. (2017). Occupational deaths and injuries by the types of street cleaning process. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics, 23(1), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2016.1199500
Johnson, O. E., & John, U. A. (2020). Occupational hazards and health problems among street sweepers in Uyo, Nigeria. Ibom Medical Journal, 13(2), 90-100. http://ojs.ibommedicaljournal.org/ojs/index.php/imjhome/article/download/191/380
Kabir, A., Farhana, N., Akter, F., Jesmin, S., & Ali, A. (2015). Sweeping practices, perceptions and knowledge about occupational safety and health hazards of street sweepers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh: a qualitative inquiry. Int J Community Med Public Health, 2(3), 237-43. https://www.academia.edu/download/52022768/Article_Kabir__A_et_al..pdf
Khan, J., Bhapkar, U., Bhat, J., Chougule, A., & Sangale, S. (2021). Design and development of smart solar powered street sweeping machine. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 8663-8667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.662
Kim, J. W., Yang, S., Chung, I., & Lee, M. Y. (2019). Factors that determine the Work Ability Index of street sweepers. Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine, 36(3), 219-224. https://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2019.00199
Lagura, G. B., & Ligan, V. O. (2018). What is Life for Job Order Street Sweepers in the City Governments of Davao Region? A Phenomenological Study. International Journal of Management Excellence (ISSN: 2292-1648), 11(1), 1498-1512. https://doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v11i1.991
Magaldi, D., & Berler, M. (2020). Semi-structured interviews. Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences, 4825-4830. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_85
Moran, C., Diefendorff, J., Kim, T., & Liu, Z. (2012). A Profile Approach to Self-Determination Theory Motivations at Work.. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81, 354-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVB.2012.09.002.
Mostafa, N. S., Abdel-Hamid, M. A., & AlBagoury, L. S. (2015). Work-related respiratory disorders among street sweepers in Cairo, Egypt, a comparative study. Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.21608/ejcm.2015.711
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
O’Hara, D. (2017). The intrinsic motivation of Richard Ryan and Edward Deci. Https://Www.apa.org. https://www.apa.org/members/content/intrinsic-motivation
Olafimihan, O. S., Ogunruku, M. I., & Odipe, O. E (2020). Assessment of Occupational Health Hazard of Street Sweepers in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. https://shorturl.at/avAQ1
Park, J., Lee, J., & Lee, M. S. (2020). Occupational health injuries by job characteristics and working environment among street sweepers in South Korea. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(7), 2322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072322
Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806.
Ryan, R.M., Deci, E.L. (2022). Self-Determination Theory. In: Maggino, F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_2630-2
Ryan, R. M., Kuhl, J., & Deci, E. L. (1997). Nature and autonomy: An organizational view of social and neurobiological aspects of self-regulation in behavior and development. Development and psychopathology, 9(4), 701-728. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_2630-2
Ryan, R. M., & La Guardia, J. G. (2000). What is being optimized?: Self-determination theory and basic psychological needs. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_2630-2
Sabde, Y., & Zodpey, S. (2008). A study of morbidity pattern in street sweepers: A cross-sectional study. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 33(4), 224-228. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.43226
Salmah, U., Nasution, H., Silaban, G., & Sudaryati, E. (2021). Quality Of Work Life Affected By Work Climate On Street Sweeper Workers In Medan City: An Evidence From Medan, North Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. NVEO-NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal| NVEO, 7574-7583. https://www.nveo.org/index.php/journal/article/download/2047/1795
Salve, P. S., & Chokhandre, P. (2016). Assessing the exposure of street sweeping and potential risk factors for developing musculoskeletal disorders and related disabilities: a cross-sectional study. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012354
Siddiqui, L. A., Banerjee, A., Chokhandre, P., & Unisa, S. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among weavers of Varanasi, India: A cross-sectional study. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 12, 100918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100918
Slutskaya, N., Simpson, R., Hughes, J., Simpson, A., & Uygur, S. (2016). Masculinity and Class in the Context of Dirty Work. Gender Work and Organization, 23(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12119
Simpson, R., Slutskaya, N., & Hughes, J. (2019). Meanings and dirty work. In The Oxford Handbook of Meaningful Work (p. 223). Oxford University Press. http://surl.li/mjlrd
Van Kampen, V., Hoffmeyer, F., Seifert, C., Brüning, T., & Bünger, J. (2020). OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS OF STREET SWEEPERS – A LITERATURE REVIEW CONSIDERING PREVENTION PRACTICES AT THE WORKPLACE. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 33(6), 701-732. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01576
Zamora, M. B., Mascarinas, J. S. & Bernal, J. R. (2018). DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HUMAN-POWERED STREET SWEEPER USING THE CHAIN AND SPROCKET MECHANISM. Convergence Multidisciplinary Student Journal, 4(1). file:///C:/Users/Asus/Downloads/DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFHUMAN-POWEREDSTREETSWEEPERUSINGTHECHAINANDSPROCKETMECHANISM.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Joseph Seclot (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the SOCIAL SCIENCES AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW will be Open-Access articles distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This allows for immediate free access to the work and permits any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.