Revisiting a Flag Salute Case: The Law of the State as Opposed to the Right of Minority

Authors

  • Rosabella O. Nealega Leandro Locsin Integrated School Author
  • Ailene C. Rosialda Carlos P. Romulo Senior High School Author
  • Gerlie Caspe-Ogatis Polytechnic University of the Philippines Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-4351
  • Ana Marie J. Bautista Polytechnic University of the Philippines Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70922/n63gcg75

Keywords:

legal boundaries, individual rights, minority group, religious freedom, state

Abstract

The state as an agent responsible to secure social order is oftentimes given high regard by its citizens based on the premise that it can also guarantee protection of rights through the formulation of laws that set legal boundaries in safeguarding the interests of the people. The state is the actual reality of an ethical idea according to some philosophers, like Hegel, because it is created with a noble purpose of upholding the common good of its subjects, the essence of which is to secure happiness and safety for all. Conflicts may, however, arise in occasions where individual rights run counter with the policies of the land. This is the focus of this study; on the one hand, an intriguing exposition on the exercise of religious freedom of a minority group, and on the other, its conflict with the legal policies promoting a conceived general welfare for the country. 

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Author Biographies

  • Rosabella O. Nealega, Leandro Locsin Integrated School

    ROSABELLA ORILLA NEALEGA is a highly esteemed educator who has been dedicated to her profession for over three decades. Her diverse career has spanned a wide range of positions, including Math Professor, Head of the General Education Department, Senior High School Principal, and College Dean. After these impressive roles, she chose to join Leandro Locsin Integrated School, where she currently serves as a Mathematics Teacher, School Focal Person, and Assistant to the School Principal.

    She holds a Doctor of Humanity, which speaks volumes about her extensive knowledge and expertise in her field. Additionally, she completed academic units in a Doctor of Education degree, specializing in Educational Management, and a master's degree in education with a focus on Administration and Supervision. She also has completed academic units in a Master of Arts in Mathematics, which is a testament to her love and passion for the subject. As a consultant, lead trainer, resource speaker, writer of learning materials, content writer, editor, and validator, she has made significant contributions to various organizations and seminars related to education and personal development.

    Her dedication to her profession has contributed to her extensive knowledge and skills, which she utilizes to provide excellent service to her students and colleagues. Her commitment to continuous learning and development is evident through her many achievements and contributions to the education sector.

    Apart from her work experiences, Rosabella has also been actively involved in voluntary work and civic organizations, reflecting her deep sense of social responsibility. Her voluntary work extends to non-government organizations, civic organizations, and people's organizations, where she shares her knowledge and expertise to benefit those who need it most.

    Rosabella is a highly accomplished educator and a role model for aspiring teachers. Her tireless dedication, impressive academic achievements, and active involvement in voluntary work make her a true inspiration to the academic community and beyond.

  • Ailene C. Rosialda, Carlos P. Romulo Senior High School

    AILENE C. ROSIALDA is currently teaching at Carlos P. Romulo Senior High School in Pag-asa, Quezon City. She graduated with her master’s degree majoring in Filipino from the Roosevelt College Foundation, Graduate School of Education.

    As a coach in various contests in Filipino, particularly speech competitions, she bagged first place for two consecutive years (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) and second place (2019–2020) for Dagliang Talumpati for Senior High School at the district level. "PAGBIGKAS NG TULA" is another competition she joined and won second at the district level.

    As a researcher, she was one of the writers of the research entitled "OPLAN KAPIT KAMAY, BUDDY SYSTEM," which led her team to be one of the finalists for the division schools of Quezon City in writing the Continuous Improvement Plan (CIP).

    She won 2nd place as Best in Demonstration Teaching in the International Educators’ Conclave on Scientific Research and Innovation Studies (cum. Demonstration Teaching) last February 2022. In addition, she was a finalist in the Most Outstanding Demonstration Teacher for Senior High School (HUMSS) category at the district level of the Division Schools in Quezon City.

  • Gerlie Caspe-Ogatis, Polytechnic University of the Philippines

    GERLIE CASPE-OGATIS is an Assistant Professor at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Manila teaching courses in the areas of philosophy and humanities. She graduated from University of the Philippines-Baguio with a Bachelor’s Degree in Social Sciences, a double major program where she took Philosophy and Political Science. She holds a Graduate Degree in Philosophy (MA Philosophy) from the  University of the Philippines-Diliman. Her research interests relate to areas of aesthetics, political philosophy, gender studies, ethics, and metaphysics.

  • Ana Marie J. Bautista, Polytechnic University of the Philippines

    ANA MARIE BAUTISTA is a graduate of the University of the Philippines with a degree in BA Communication Research. She has taught both in the special and regular education settings. She has handled the hearing impaired at the Southeast Asian Institute for the Deaf and also served as interpreter for the hearing impaired integrated in the regular class at Miriam College. She later on taught regular college students upon going back to the province.  The author also worked as a parttime freelance editor and writer . She presently works at the PUP Research Publications Office  under  its editorial section.

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Published

2023-07-10

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): Social Sciences and Development Review

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Rosabella O. Nealega, Ailene C. Rosialda, Gerlie Caspe-Ogatis, Ana Marie J. Bautista (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Revisiting a Flag Salute Case: The Law of the State as Opposed to the Right of Minority. (2023). Social Sciences and Development Review, 13(1), 215-234. https://doi.org/10.70922/n63gcg75