Filipinos’ Framed Faces: Comparative Study of the Filipino Stereotypes as Perceived by the Cebuano and Waray Students of an Agricultural State Universityin Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70922/x6x18897

Keywords:

Visayas State University, Cebuano Leyteño, Waray Leyteño, Philippine ethnic stereotypes, ethnic self-stereotypes

Abstract

Visayas State University (VSU) is a leading agricultural state university in Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines. It is a multi-ethnic and multicultural institution where most of its student population belongs to two major ethnolinguistic groups, namely the Cebuano and Waray. This paper is a comparative study of the perception of these two ethnolinguistic groups about Filipino stereotypes using the modified Katz and Braly (1933) trait checklist. With the purpose of providing baseline data for ethnolinguistic stereotypes of a melting-pot institution in this specific region in the Philippines, the researchers hope that this study will eventually help build a more united population of VSU, citizens of the City of Baybay, and those living in the Province of Leyte (Toring et al., 2019). The ultimate aim of this paper is to preliminarily present some dimensions of ethnolinguistic stereotypes of Cebuano and Waray Leyteños, not in a sense of exposing the respondents or the University to social discrimination, but to suggest some aspects which can help cultural studies scholars and local studies centers in discerning the dynamics among the said ethnolinguistic groups. This paper is also significant in giving a benchmark paper that can be useful to other multicultural institutions and locations in the Philippines. This research sheds light on how students in the peripheral region of the  archipelago participate in the crafting of the “Filipino” identity. 

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Author Biographies

  • Leslie Anne L. Liwanag, Ph.D., Polytechnic University of the Philippines

    Dr. Leslie Anne L. Liwanag is an Associate Professor at the Department of Filipinology of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. At 26, she completed her doctor’s degree in Philippine Studies (with a specialization in Language, Culture, and Media) at De La Salle University-Manila with a dissertation on the contributions of Isabelo de los Reyes to Philippine Studies. She served as the Managing Editor of the National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) Research Journal and the Project Manager of the Andrew Gonzalez Philippine Citation Index. She is a Visiting Research Professor at the Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., in 2021 to 2022. Currently, she is an affiliate faculty of the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies, University of California, Davis, United States of America.    

  • Romeo J. Toring, Jr., M.A., Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

    Romeo J. Toring, Jr. is currently a Ph.D. student in Cultural Anthropology at Hiroshima University, Japan. He finished his bachelor's degree in Philosophy at San Carlos Seminary College, Cebu City, and his Masters's degree at the University of San Carlos (USC), Cebu City. He formerly taught at the Visayas State University (VSU) as an instructor at the Department of Liberal Arts and Behavioral Sciences. As an anthropologist, he focused his previous research endeavors in the informal settlement community of Pasil, Cebu City, where he published two ethnographic papers about the Cebu City Fish Market and Tuslob Buwa – a poor man's meal turned into an exotic dish. He is also an experienced field researcher under the Center of Social Research and Education (CSRE) of the University. Since 2019, he has served as a board member of the Ugnayang Pang-aghamtao (UGAT) – Anthropological Association of the Philippines, where is also became vice president for the Visayas last 2020-2021. In addition, he currently serves as the circulation manager of Agtamtao, the official peer-reviewed journal of UGAT. 

  • Mary Grace P. Enaya, M.A., Visayas State University, Leyte, Philippines

    Mary Grace P. Enaya graduated with a degree in Bachelor in Secondary Education major in English from Cebu Normal University in Cebu City, Philippines. She finished her master's degree in Literature at the same university where she completed her thesis entitled “Women Empowerment and Disempowerment in Ricky Lee's Para Kay B.” She is one of the authors of the textbook entitled Art Appreciation and a book that contains a collection of her poems entitled Freckles in the Universe. At present, she is an instructor at the Department of Liberal Arts and Behavioral Sciences at Visayas State University in Baybay City, Leyte. Currently, she is taking her PhD in Literature at the University of Santo Tomas, Manila.

  • Hilda A. Pedrera, M.A.Ed., Visayas State University

    Hilda A. Pedrera is a licensed professional teacher who completed her bachelor’s degree in Secondary Education major in Filipino, magna cum laude, at Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte. She finished her master’s degree in Education major in Filipino Language Teaching at Cebu Normal University, Cebu City. She has already presented several studies at national and international conferences and published papers in various journals. She served as an instructor in Filipino under the Department of Liberal Arts and Behavioral Sciences at the Visayas State University for two years. Currently, she teaches at the Visayas State University Integrated High School while studying for her doctoral degree in Education major in Filipino Language Teaching at Cebu Normal University.

  • Precious Elaine D. Tubigan, Cebu Normal University

    Precious Elaine D. Tubigan completed her undergraduate degree in Bachelor in Secondary Education major in English, cum laude, from Leyte Normal University in Tacloban City, Philippines. She was one of the fellows in the 12th Lamiraw Regional Creative Writing Workshop where she presented the poem entitled “Para Panihapon,” that enabled her to become a first prize winner of the 4th Chito S. Roño Literary Awards in Poetry in Winaray in 2018. She served as an instructor in literature and creative writing at the Department of Liberal Arts and Behavioral Sciences, Visayas State University in Baybay City, Leyte for several years. Currently, she is finishing her master's degree in Education, major in English Language Teaching at Cebu Normal University. She works freelance as a translator and copy editor.

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Published

2023-07-10

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): Social Sciences and Development Review

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Leslie Anne L. Liwanag, Ph.D., Romeo J. Toring, Jr., M.A., Mary Grace P. Enaya, M.A., Hilda A. Pedrera, M.A.Ed., Precious Elaine D. Tubigan (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Filipinos’ Framed Faces: Comparative Study of the Filipino Stereotypes as Perceived by the Cebuano and Waray Students of an Agricultural State Universityin Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines. (2023). Social Sciences and Development Review, 13(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.70922/x6x18897