Anatomy of Recto University: The Spatialization of Labor Production within the Document Forgery Industry (Anatomiya ng Recto University: Ang Pagsasaespasyo ng Produksyong Paggawa sa Industriya ng Document Forgery)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70922/8v9jha30Keywords:
document forgery, Lefebvre, production of space, Recto Avenue, Recto UniversityAbstract
This paper examines the anatomy of the so-called “Recto University,” the informal and illegal industry of document forgery thriving along Recto Avenue in Manila. Using Henri Lefebvre’s Production of Space and his Spatial Triad spatial practice, conceived space, and lived space—the study analyzes how this space is produced, utilized, and imbued with meaning. It describes the dynamic operations among runners, masters, operators, clients, and even government actors to reveal the tensions between formal and informal, legal and illegal spaces. The paper further illustrates how Recto University emerges as a mechanism for survival amid limited economic opportunities and within a system that demands documented identity for employment and access to services. Ultimately, the analysis argues that Recto University is not merely a hub of illegality but a space produced through unequal power relations, marginalized economies, and social capital that binds together actors striving for livelihood and existence within the city.
Sinusuri ng papel na ito ang anatomiya ng tinaguriang “Recto University,” ang di-pormal at ilegal na industriyang nakasentro sa pamemeke ng mga dokumento sa kahabaan ng Recto Avenue sa Maynila. Gamit ang lente ni Henri Lefebvre sa Production of Space at ang kanyang Spatial Triad—espasyong hayag (spatial practice), representasyon ng espasyo (conceived space), at kahulugan ng espasyo (lived space)—tinalakay ang paraan ng paglikha, paggamit, at pagbibigay-kahulugan sa espasyong ito. Inilarawan ang dinamikong kalakaran sa pagitan ng mga “runner,” “master,” operator, kliyente, at maging ng mga aktor mula sa pamahalaan upang maipakita ang tensyon sa pagitan ng pormal at di pormal, legal at ilegal na espasyo. Ipinakita rin kung paanong nalilikha ang Recto University bilang mekanismo ng pagsasalba o survival sa gitna ng kawalan ng oportunidad at istrukturang humihingi ng dokumentadong identidad para sa pagpasok sa trabaho at akses sa mga serbisyo. Sa huli, ipinapakita ng pag-aaral na ang Recto University ay hindi simpleng pugad ng ilegalidad, kundi isang espasyong produkto ng hindi pantay na kapangyarihan, marhinalisadong ekonomiya, at social capital na bumubuklod sa mga aktor na patuloy na nagnanasa ng kabuhayan at pag-iral sa lungsod.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mary Joy Parajas (Author)

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