Limit of Labels: Examining the ‘Masc’ and ‘Femme’ Labels in WLW Relationships Through Judith Butler’s Theory of Performativity

Abstract

Judith Butler’s theory of performativity emphasizes the idea that gender is constructed through a series of repeated acts. Within this framework, labels such as ‘masc’ and ‘femme’ can play a role in shaping gender identity and expression, especially in womenloving- women (WLW) relationships. Even though queerness is famously understood as a space for challenging gender norms, and WLW relationships to that extension should be a site for gender fluidity, the use of these labels in WLW relationships can reinforce patriarchal structures by replicating binary gender expressions. The act of labeling oneself or one’s partner as ‘masc’ or ‘femme’ is evidence of binary gender expression persisting even in queer spaces. More importantly, in the context of WLW relationships, it goes to show that even though labels like ‘masc’ and ‘femme’ can provide a sense of belonging, they can also limit gender expression and replicate gender binaries. Situating within Judith Butler’s theory of performativity, this article analyzes the use of labels such as ‘masc’ and ‘femme’ and doing performative acts of these labels, especially within the WLW relationship dynamics. The article contends that in using labels such as ‘masc’ and femme’ which are fixed categories, we run the risk of becoming complicit in reinforcing patriarchal structures and power structures.