Filipino Language and the Discourse on Gender: The Misgendering of Jude Bacalso as a Reflection of Social Perspective (Wikang Filipino at ang Diskurso ng Kasarian: Ang Misgendering kay Jude Bacalso Bilang Salamin ng Panlipunang Pananaw)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70922/1ygzdb42Keywords:
gender-neutral, kasarian, misgendering, transgender, wikang FilipinoAbstract
The absence of grammatical gender in Filipino pronouns and some nouns has led some to claim that the Filipino language is gender neutral. However, cases of misgendering are undeniably present in our society. If the Filipino language is truly gender-neutral, how does misgendering occur in our context? This paper discusses the concept
of misgendering, examines some of its examples in the Philippine context, and revisits literature on the supposed gender-neutrality of the Filipino language. It then analyzes the case of Jude Bacalso, a transgender woman who became a topic of public discourse on social media in July 2024 due to an issue of misgendering. Using three Facebook posts with the highest number of reactions and shares related to Bacalso’s case, the study conducts a content analysis of the comments and finds that all commenters rejected Bacalso’s identity as a woman. The analysis reveals that biology and religion are the two primary bases used by society to assert that Bacalso is a man. In the comments, the Filipino language is frequently used as a tool for mocking, insulting, and invalidating Bacalso’s gender. The results of this study affirm and strengthen earlier studies that claim only a small part of the Filipino language is truly gender neutral. In the case of Bacalso’s misgendering, it becomes evident that the Filipino language can be used as a tool for gender-based oppression. Therefore, the paper advocates for the expansion of research on transgender people in the Philippines as a gender category and on gender-related issues in language.
Ang kawalan ng kasarian ng mga panghalip at ilang mga pangngalan sa wikang Filipino ang nag-udyok sa ilan para sabihing genderneutral ang wikang ito. Gayunman, hindi maitatanggi na may mga kaso ng misgendering sa ating lipunan. Kung tunay ngang genderneutral ang wikang Filipino, paano nagkakaroon ng misgendering sa atin? Sa papel na ito, tinalakay ang konsepto ng misgendering, sinuri ang ilang mga halimbawa nito sa kontekstong Filipino, at binalikan ang mga literatura hinggil sa pagka-gender-neutral ng wikang Filipino. Pagkatapos, sinuri ang kaso ni Jude Bacalso, isang transgender na naging paksa ng usap-usapan sa social media noong Hulyo 2024 dahil sa isyu ng misgendering. Gamit ang tatlong Facebook posts na may pinakamaraming komento, reaksyon, at shares tungkol sa kaso ni Bacalso, inanalisa ang mga komento dito sa pamamagitan ng content analysis at lumabas na halos lahat ng mga nagkomento ay hindi tinatanggap na babae si Bacalso. Ipinakita ng kaso ni Bacalso ang panlipunang pananaw na biyolohiya at relihiyon ang dalawang pangunahing batayan ng mga Filipino sa pagkilala ng kasarian. Lumabas din sa pagsusuri na wikang Filipino ang madalas na ginagamit sa panlalait, pangungutya, at pananakit kaugnay ng kasarian ni Bacalso. Ang resulta ng pag-aaral na ito ay umaayon at nagpapatibay sa mga nauna nang pananaliksik na nagsasabing maliit lamang na bahagi ng wikang Filipino ang maaaring ituring na genderneutral. Sa kaso ng misgendering kay Bacalso, mababanaag na ang wikang Filipino ay nagagamit din bilang kasangkapan sa pang-aapi batay sa kasarian. Dahil dito, isinusulong ang pagpapalawak ng mga pag-aaral sa mga transgender sa Pilipinas bilang kasarian, gayundin sa mga usaping pangkasarian sa wika.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ignatius Vinzons (Author)

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