Tracing Student Attrition: Patterns and Determinants in a Private Catholic Senior High School

Abstract

Student attrition remains a persistent global concern, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted education systems and increased dropout rates. In the Philippines, student withdrawals continue to be a challenge, particularly in private institutions, despite financial aid programs aimed at improving retention. This study investigates the patterns and causes of student attrition in a private Catholic institution in Batangas, from School Year (SY) 2019 to 2024. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research analyzed exit interview forms from 97 former senior high school students and conducted key informant interviews with the guidance counselor, psychometrician, and class advisers to identify recurring factors contributing to student exits. Findings revealed that student attrition fluctuated over the years, with the highest number of dropouts recorded in SY 2022–2023 (27 students) and SY 2023–2024 (26 students). The ABM strand had the highest overall attrition rate (33 students), followed by HUMSS (31 students), STEM (25 students), and TVL (8 students). The thematic analysis identified five major factors influencing student withdrawals: financial constraints (cited in over 60% of exit interviews), school transfer and relocation (45%), transportation challenges (35%), academic pressure and strand choice (30%), and personal and family-related concerns (25%). Despite financial assistance initiatives, economic difficulties remained the most prevalent reason for student exits. The study underscores the need for holistic retention strategies that address not only financial barriers but also academic, logistical, and personal challenges. The findings provide valuable insights for a private catholic and similar institutions in refining policies and interventions to enhance student retention and engagement.