The Social Sciences and Development Review Journal (SSDR) is an open-access, and one of the University Journals of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), Research Publications Office, Office of the Vice President for Research, Extension, and Development, publishing annually peer-reviewed articles on the social sciences and development, preferably those with focus on the Asia-Pacific context. It promotes critical, multidisciplinary, and constructive discourses in the social sciences and their allied disciplines. Articles that aim to synthesize normative disciplines such as religious studies, theology, or philosophy with the social sciences are also accepted. Social Sciences and Development Review Journal aims to publish articles from a wide variety of methodological and disciplinary perspectives to serve the interests of a wide range of thoughtful readers, students, and academic scholars of the social sciences and development such as sociologists, anthropologists, historians, economists, psychologists, political scientists, as well as social development and cooperative scholars. It also aims to publish special issues on important and urgent social concerns that affect the local and global society.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Articles published in the SOCIAL SCIENCES AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW will be Open-Access articles distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This allows for immediate free access to the work and permits any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.
Floods, Fault Lines, Futures: Rethinking Development through Social Science Research in the Philippines
Copyright (c) 2025 Mary Joy S. Parajas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Community Development Initiatives Implementation and Disaster Risk Management Practices in Calamba City Barangays
This study examined the relationship between community development frameworks and disaster risk management (DRM) practices using a quantitative descriptive correlational design. Data were gathered from 150 respondents, 40 barangay officials, and 110 community members from Barangays Palingon, Lingga, and Sampiruhan in Calamba City through a validated researcher-made survey (CVR = 1.00) utilizing a four-point Likert scale. Statistical analyses included a paired T-test (.05 significance level) and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. Findings indicated that community development initiatives and DRM practices were generally "Fully Implemented" and "Fully Manifested," with Self-Understanding (3.49) and Preparedness (3.62) receiving the highest ratings, while Engage and Empower, Reflect and Celebrate (3.35), and Recovery (3.46) were the lowest. Significant differences were observed in Preparedness (p = 0.001) and Reflect and Celebrate (p = 0.044), while Self-Understanding (p = 0.175) showed no significant difference. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships, with Engage and Response (p = 0.001) as the strongest and Reflect and Preparedness (p = 0.026) as the weakest, while no significant relationship was found in Reflect and Mitigation (p = 0.877). To enhance disaster preparedness and response, an action plan was proposed to equip barangay officials with hands-on training in Incident Command System (ICS) Level 1.
Community development, community frameworks, disaster risk management, initiatives implementation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jose Roderick Aguila (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Profile, Trends, and Determinants of Pregnancy Termination Among Filipino Women
Cultural and legal barriers force many Filipino women to undergo unsafe and secret abortions. This study examines the profile of women who terminated pregnancy among those who gave birth in the last five years according to selected independent variables, and the trends in pregnancy termination from 1992 to 2022 all National Demographic and Health Surveys. It also identified the determinants of pregnancy termination and estimated its likelihood. The analysis accounted for the complex survey design. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were employed. Results show that nearly 13% of women who gave birth in the last five years experienced pregnancy termination, and the distribution varies according to selected independent variables. Termination rates remained from 1997 to 2007 but declined in 2022. Logistic regression identified age as the strongest predictor, with odds rising sharply over time. Belonging to wealthier quintiles and having good self-rated health reduced the likelihood of termination, while education, marital status, religion, and residence showed no independent significance. Older, low-income, and poor health remain at higher risk, highlighting the need for targeted support. Expanding access to family planning, improving maternal healthcare, and addressing economic vulnerabilities can help reduce unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions. Strengthening reproductive rights policies and ensuring access to safe abortion-related care and the legalization of abortion in the country are also crucial steps in promoting women’s health and well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mejedin Tena (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Healthcare Advocacy & Legislation in the Philippines: Social Movement/Civil Society Alternatives to Privatization & Commodification
The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation’s (PhilHealth) financial situation is in dire straits, with an official claiming that its actuarial life would last until 2027 only. To achieve free universal healthcare, alternative financing options for the Philippines’ national health care system would have to be considered. This paper aims to analyze historical government health care reform policies vis-à-vis social movement/civil society alternatives – and the corresponding paradigm shifts that they present – which culminate in the recently filed House Bill 9515 (“An Act Providing for a Free, Comprehensive, and Progressive, National Public Health Care System”) authored by the Makabayan Coalition – a bloc of grassroots partylists with strong links with social movements. House Bill 9515’s provisions would bring the Philippine system closer to Cuba’s and the United Kingdom’s systems which both offer useful springboards in making public health care free for all. Thus, the bill can potentially help the Philippines transition from privatization & commodification which have characterized the prevailing framework in the country’s health care system for decades now.
Copyright (c) 2025 David Michael San Juan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AND INTENTION TO QUIT: MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB BURNOUT AMONG CALL CENTER AGENTS IN METRO MANILA, PHILIPPINES
This research aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and turnover intention, with the mediation of job burnout among call center agents in Metro Manila. A total of 175 participants were recruited through snowball sampling and responded to an online survey. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the average levels of OCB, job burnout, and turnover intention among respondents. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between these variables, while mediation analysis using the Med-Mod module in JAMOVI assessed the mediating role of job burnout. Results revealed that job burnout fully mediates the relationship between OCB and turnover intention. These findings highlight the importance of promoting organizational citizenship behavior to mitigate turnover intention by addressing job burnout.
Copyright (c) 2025 Redmund Joseph Diaz Tocle (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Experiences of BA Sociology Students from a Philippine State University: Recruitment, Retention, and Future Aspirations
Sociology as an undergraduate program in the Philippines has expanded significantly. A total of 49 higher educational institutions offer an undergraduate degree in Sociology; 20 of which are in Luzon and 8 are in Metro Manila. Despite this growth, Sociology departments face challenges in recruiting and retaining students amidst a competitive academic landscape. This study was conducted with students from a Philippine state university, exploring their motivations for enrolling, reasons for staying, perceived strengths and weaknesses of the program, and their post-graduation plans. The insights gained from this research could guide future improvements to Sociology programs to better meet the needs and aspirations of students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mark Anthony M. Quintos, Minami O. Iwayama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
PAGSIPAT SA KAISIPAN NINA OROZCO AT DEMETERIO HINGGIL SA FERTILITY DANCE NG OBANDO, BULACAN GAMIT ANG KASAYSAYANG PASALITA
This study examined Orozco and Demeterio's research work on the history of the Obando Fertility Dance. This research seeks to trace its origins through preliminary historical tracing from the perspective of the older Obandenyo, aged 60 to 90. The study attempts to answer the following questions: (1) What is the chronology of Obando's patrons, as well as the actual ritual performed for San Pascual Baylon, Santa Clara, and the Blessed Virgin of Salambao? (2) How do the images and rituals associated with the celebration in Obando, Bulacan, transform each May? (3) What is the historical context and form of the ritual dance in Obando, Bulacan? It was analyzed in this research that Orozco and Demeterio's thoughts coincide with oral histories shared by eight older Obandenyos. The Obando fertility dance may not be a product of Christianity nor it was a version of a ritual by the Tagalogs even before the arrival of the Spanish. This may have started when the Spaniards arrived and when the patrons arrived. The majority of participants are unable to recall the term "Kasilonawan," which could be the origin of the fertility dance that has just become Christianized.
Nuestra Señora Inmaculada Concepcio de Salambao
Copyright (c) 2025 Jennifer Delfin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
PARA LANG PO SA TABI: MAKA-PILIPINONG KATANGIAN NG LALABINTAUNIN SA PAGBUBUO NG KÁPWA SA KAPWA PASAHERO NG DYIP
The jeepney is hailed as the "king of the road." This monarch of the streets is often adorned with vibrant colors, intricate decorations, and an extravagant design. Though an unseen part of our daily lives yet, it carries profound cultural significance symbolizing our Filipino identity. Within the jeepney the Filipino value of pakikipagkapwa is strongly manifested as the heart or most important among our Filipino values according to Virgilio Enriquez from the perspective of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. This study sought to explore how the concept of kapwa is formed among passengers who interact daily within this shared space. Employing the indigenous Filipino research methods of pagtatanong-tanong and pakikipagkuwentuhan by Javier, narratives were gathered and analyzed from ten lalabintaunin (adolescents). These narratives were interpreted using Enriquez's Antasan ng Pagtutunguhan to provide a clear and in-depth discussion of how the concept of kapwa is developed. The study identified the following positive Filipino traits that emerge from this sense of shared identity among jeepney passengers: a. bayad po; b. pára po sa tabi; c. tinginan at pakiramdaman; d. kuwentuhan; e. limos at malasakit; and f. punuan at bigayan. On the other hand, certain negative Filipino traits among passengers also surfaced such as: a. pagwawalang bahala o walang pakialam; b. pagkagalit at pagdadabog; c. tsismisan; d. siksikan at singitan; e. budol; f. lamangan; and g. pakutuban.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eldrin Jan D. Cabilin, Aurora S. Buquir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Ritual and Sacred Space: The Role of Ritual in Shaping the El Shaddai Community
This study aims to examine the role of ritual in shaping sacred space and community within the El Shaddai fellowship. Using an ethnographic approach, observations were conducted over five consecutive Saturdays at Amvel City, Parañaque City, to identify and describe the rituals performed during the group’s weekly gatherings. The research found seven primary rituals, referred to as “spiritual activities,” which serve as essential components of the members’ spiritual lives. Additionally, the study highlights the role of the stage as a “sacred space” that functions as the focal point of ritual performance. The analysis reveals that ritual is not only a spiritual practice but also a form of communication that strengthens collective identity and unity within the community. This perspective aligns with James Carey’s Ritual Communication Theory, which posits that communication is a means of meaning-making and fostering participation in a faith-based community. Overall, the research demonstrates that both the performance of rituals and the presence of sacred space contribute to the spiritual development and social connection of El Shaddai members. This study may serve as a foundation for deeper analysis of the role of ritual in various religious communities in the Philippines.
Copyright (c) 2025 Joven Makiling (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
The Pursuit of Fulfillment: A Phenomenological Study of Street Sweepers in the Philippines
Street sweepers are one of the most vulnerable groups of workers nowadays due to their working conditions, tenure of employment, health issues, and socio-economic status. Nevertheless, they are the driving force behind the maintenance of solid waste management and the cleanliness of cities. Using the Self-Determination Theory as the framework of this study, this paper aims to explore the sense of fulfillment experienced by street sweepers in Tangub City, Misamis Occidental. Using phenomenological research design, eight (8) street sweepers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide questionnaire. The gathered data were transcribed, validated, and analyzed using the Braun and Clarke thematic analysis approach. Results revealed four (4) emerging themes: maintaining community cleanliness and orderliness, upholding professional integrity and work ethic, being acknowledged and respected in the community, and supporting family livelihood and well-being. In conclusion, the sense of fulfillment of street sweepers is driven by their sense of orientation, commitment, and accountability, how the community values them, and how the work sustains the physiological needs of their families. The city government should recognize the invaluable contributions of street sweepers by ensuring fair wages, benefits, job security, and recognition initiatives, which can foster greater motivation and job satisfaction. Future research could explore ways to improve job security and benefits for workers in similar sectors, ensuring their efforts are recognized and adequately rewarded.
Copyright (c) 2025 Joseph Seclot (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Privileging Marginalized Voices through Advocacy Research
Copyright (c) 2024 Gerlie Caspe-Ogatis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Babaeng Frontliner at COVID-19 sa Pilipinas: Batayan para sa Isang Epektibong Tugon sa Pandemya na Nakatuon sa Gender
While the mortality rates for men are higher, the socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic hit women differently. This qualitative study examines the experiences of eight Filipina frontliners who continued to work during the General Community Quarantine in Metro Manila. Respondents were selected through purposive sampling. The primary data collection method was in depth interview. Phenomenological study was utilized for data analysis. The research resulted in three major themes which emerged out of the experiences shared by the female frontliners (1) there exists a problem in safety and transportation among female frontliners; (2) stress develops from a high-risk work task; (3) coping strategies are utilized to manage daily stressors. Paying attention to concerns of female frontliners can potentially improve preventive practices and positive behaviors in combating the pandemic. There should be a gender lens on the response to COVID-19 to ensure that the unique needs women are addressed not just in the Philippines but in the whole world. Frontline female responders must be guaranteed protection safe working conditions support and fair compensation that answers their needs. Also, there is a necessity for sex and age disaggregated data to further understand how this crisis is impacting women and men differently and to support the data collected from the respondents in implementing gender sensitive an effective response to pandemics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arianne Nicole Fernando (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Maximization and wise use of financial resources in the University of Northern Philippines is undeniably critical to its operation. Greater and better quality of outputs are derived and the university become doubly productive. The objective of this paper is to describe the development and management of infrastructure projects in UNP with emphasis on the allocation and utilization of financial resources for such projects. The study covers all infrastructure projects implemented under the administration of its president, Dr. Gilbert R. Arce in his attempt to make the university “A Global University Anchored on Excellence.” As part of the 10 Governance Initiatives of Pres. Gilbert R. Arce to attain Quality and Excellence, prioritization expenditures shall govern spending and judicious utilization of resources shall be ensured. Consultation and empowerment shall guide the process of policy formulation. As such, leadership with good governance shall be guided by the principle of transparency, responsiveness, consensus orientation, equity, economy, effectiveness and efficiency, accountability and strategic vision. The University of Northern Philippines’ good governance is epitomized by predictable, open, and enlightened policy making institution imbued with a professional ethos acting in furtherance of the public good, the rule of law, and transparent process. This paper utilized the qualitative method of research and made use of the Program Project Management Plan, Annual Procurement Plan, Bids and Awards Committee documents and information, and data provided by the Directors of the University Planning Office, Finance Services Division, and Infrastructure Planning and Development Office of the University.
Copyright (c) 2016 Antonio P. Agustin, DPA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/y/4.0/
The Revolution in support of women’s rights began in America in the 1960s. But, asks a leading expert and theorist, have those considered being role models in the US lost their way- and are the true fighters for feminine dignity and equality now to be found in the developing world?
Copyright (c) 2016 Susan Faludi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Million People March Against Pork Barrel: From Potentiality to Actuality
In this essay, I endeavor to ask how virtual reality becomes a public space for advocacies and a venue for crowd mobilization in the Philippines. I particularly analyze the Million People March (MPM) against pork barrel, which happened on August 26, 2013 at Luneta Park in Manila. I also discuss how micro-blogging sites (facebook and twitter) on the cyberspace stirred up the event even before becoming a physical and material event. I try to use the concepts of public sphere introduced by Jurgen Habermas (1989) and as expanded by Lincoln Dahlberg (2007) as cyberpublic, and as virtuality by Hayles and Deleuze (as quoted in A. de Souza e Silva & Sutko, 2011). I also discuss the limitations and constraints to the participative and democratic potentials of blogosphere as explained by Cammaerst (2008).
Copyright (c) 2016 Kriztine R. Viray (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/y/4.0/
The article presents a different perspective on militarization and wars of aggression waged, historically and currently, by the United States of America against nations and peoples in South and South East Asia, Middle East, Europe, Africa, and Latin and South America. It zeroes in on the enormous money-making dimension of the US-mongered armed confrontations. Also, the paper examines the role the US has played in fanning the flames of war among countries fighting for full-fledged independence and sovereignty. It exposes the real reasons why the US is so into these wars and who really benefits from its arms requirements amounting to billions of dollars.
Copyright (c) 2016 Rolando M. Covero Jr. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/by/4.0/
A Review of Martin Luther King’s LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL
Copyright (c) 2016 Hilda Felipe San Gabriel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Kamalayan ng Babae Bilang Manunulat Tungo sa Mapagpalayang Praktika: Babae sa Kilusan,Panitikan ng Uring Anakpawis at Pagbabagong Panlipunan
In this critical essay, I will explore the prospect of “new mass literature” reflected mainly in the creative non-fiction of Lualhati Milan Abreu. On new mass literature, I refer to the thoughts of Gelacio Guillermo that it asserts the right of the people for national sovereignty, unite them on the basis of this right, and cultivate everything that can enhance this unity and national dignity. I will start by outlining the main thoughts about the function of each citizen in the social whole. Then, I will give a short note on who Lualhati Milan Abreu is. After which, I will outline her main thoughts reflected mainly in her Agaw-dilim, Agaw-liwanag. Lastly, I will scrutinize how these thoughts mirror the so called women empowerment, mass literature and societal change through literature.
Copyright (c) 2016 Romeo P. Peña (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/y/4.0/
Psychological Attributes, Stressors, and Coping of Older Adults Teaching in Selected State Universities in Manila, Philippines
This paper examined the psychological attributes of older adults ranging from 55 years old and above who teach in selected state universities in Manila, Philippines. Psychological attributes, in this study, include self concept, and their perception about the changes in their bodily, cognitive, and social attributes. Two hundred six (206) pre-retirees (55 to 64 years old) and retirees (65 years old and above) participated in the study. Results revealed that the older adults described themselves as generally friendly and generous, feel secured and competent, assertive, emotionally strong, and are contented and happy about life. They graciously acknowledged the changes in the physical, physiological, cognitive, and social attributes concomitant with aging. The stressors experienced by some of them within the last two years include: bereavement stressors—death of spouse, death of a family member and a close friend; family-related stressors —separation with child, and serious illness/injury of a family member; and work-related stressors—conflict with superiors and/or subordinates, and major career changes. Few have disclosed having experienced incidence of physical and verbal assaults, and financial exploitation. Various spiritual, cognitive, and social support mechanisms were resorted to by the respondents to cope with the experienced changes and stressful events. Implications for practice and research were discussed.
Copyright (c) 2016 Elmer G. De Jose (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/y/4.0/
The Sacred of Religion and the Sublime of Ideology: Constructing Collective Identity through ReligiousSolidarities
The sacred is ontologically central to the discursive construction of collective identity. Being the institutional expression of the sacred, religion is a staple in all human collectivities and a constitutive force in forging group identities. Hence, religion is coeval and coterminous with society and the human being: religion is society’s birthright and fate. As an ontologically religious being who derives an identity from the social body, the human being is always susceptible to ideological corruption, to an excessive forging of identity and solidarity that blurs the sense of the other, that which is fundamental in the human as a social being. The observed fatal journey of group solidarities from the sacred to religion to ideology in history provides a wealth of data for theorizing the process of ideologization and the susceptibility of religion to undergo this process. The answer lies in the the structure sacred-religion ideology where ideology is seen as an embedded corruptive symptom in all social groups.
Copyright (c) 2016 Emanuel C. De Guzman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/by/4.0/
Apolinario Mabini: Paghamon sa Tadhana ng Mapanghimagsik na Kamalayan
Copyright (c) 2017 E. San Juan, Jr. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/by/4.0/
The Theory and Praxis of Workers Cooperatives as Models of the Social Economy and Paradigm for Capital Innovation
Anchored on presenting the theory and praxis of workers cooperatives as models of the social economy, the researchers believe that cooperative enterprises, the most humanist type of organization to thrive in the last two centuries, were able to change poor people’s and marginalized worker’s lives by providing employment opportunities, thus uplifting their socioeconomic condition. The hypothesis is that a firm competing within the mainstream, local, and/or global markets can survive not only because of the profit orientation of the business enterprise but more due to its social characteristics and value for the member worker-owner of the cooperative firm, which is contrary to the dominant business model exposed by Friedman, whose major concern is the profit bottom line. It is also asserted that the organizational coherence and adherence to the universally accepted cooperative principles are some of the reasons why these cooperative business organizations exist.
Copyright (c) 2017 Hilda Felipe San Gabriel, Guillermo C. Bungato, Jr. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/y/4.0/
Struggle and Survive: Difficulties Encountered by Students Undertaking Research
This study aimed to find out the perception of the respondents on the importance of undertaking research, and the difficulties encountered by undergraduate students in doing research in terms of the following stages: (i) preparing the proposal, (ii) conducting the research, and (iii) writing the research paper, and to determine the measures undertaken to pursue research despite the difficulties encountered in the aforementioned stages. The researchers utilized the descriptive method with a self-constructed questionnaire as the main data gathering instrument. The respondents were 103 College of Arts and Sciences fourth year students who have already taken Research 101 and 102, and are done with their final thesis defense. Data gathered were tabulated and analyzed using relative frequency and weighted mean. Based on the data gathered, the composite mean of 4.41 revealed that undergraduate students perceived research to be a vital component of their academic endeavor during college. They agreed that they encountered difficulties in writing the proposal, conducting the research, and writing the research paper. This was shown with composite means of 4.09, 3.89, and 4.01, respectively. Respondents likewise agreed that measures were taken to pursue writing the proposal, conducting the research, and writing the research paper, with weighted means of 4.29, 4.12, and 4.19, respectively. These findings led the researchers to conclude that research is perceived to be an important undertaking in an undergraduate student’s stay in college.
Copyright (c) 2017 Lucille D. Evangelista, Maria Theresa H. Arellano-Hernandez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Stressors and Coping Styles of the Collegiate Athletes of PUP
This study aimed to determine the stressors and coping styles of the collegiate athletes of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. The study was undertaken during the first semester, school year 2015-2016. Moreover, it attempted to establish significant difference in the stressors and coping styles of the respondents when they were grouped according to their personal dimensions. The descriptive survey method was used in the study. The Student Profile Checklist was employed to obtain personal profile of the respondents. Perceived Stressors Checklist which includes such variables as financial, physical, academic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental stressors and the Cope inventory were utilized to measure the stressors and coping styles of the athlete-respondents respectively. Statistical treatments such as weighted mean, one-way ANOvA, and t-test were employed in analyzing the data of the study. The participants were 90 collegiate-students of the university who were randomly selected from seven athletic events. Results showed that the athlete-respondents rated academic as well as environmental stressors as the sources of their stress. On the other hand, the athlete-respondents manage their stressors by using positive reinterpretation coping, religious coping, etc. There is a significant difference in the stressors of the respondents when they were grouped according to their personal dimensions. Likewise, the athlete-respondents differed in their coping styles when grouped according to gender, age, and family monthly income status.
Copyright (c) 2017 Nicolas T. Mallari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/by/4.0/
Entrepreneurial Community Extension Capabilities of the College of Business
This study reviewed the capabilities of the College of Business-PUP to promote or hasten entrepreneurial development through technology transfer to the local communities (barangay) that they adopted as part of its community extension program. The researcher used the descriptive research design, with two sets of survey questionnaires: one to get the profile of the 17 faculty members who handle entrepreneurship or entrepreneurial-related subjects in the College of Business (CB) of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), and the other to determine the perception of 24 barangay participants on the effectiveness/relevancy of community extension projects of the College. Percentages, arithmetic mean and standard deviation (for measure of dispersion) were computed to describe the data, particularly those that were related to the profile of respondent faculty members. Chi-square analysis with the use of contingency table was employed for hypotheses that involved measure of associations, like the entrepreneurial traits of the faculty members and their profile variables. Correlation coefficient was computed, and inputs were tested for 5% level of significance. Tests for significance of data relating to the community extension project were conducted using two-sample t-test and ANOvA. The study revealed that the College of Business has the legal mandate and adequate policy support to provide entrepreneurial development-related program (formal education) and embark on community extension programs/projects (nonformal education); and there is an existing institutional structures responsible for the development, implementation and coordination of education program and community extension program. The study also showed that the present program offerings are employee culture-oriented rather than self-employed culture oriented, and have a strong foundation on business core courses (subjects), but are wanting in entrepreneurial core courses such as start-up courses; courses that would provide students a broad-based understanding of the private sector particularly MSMes; courses and instructional methods that would allow active involvement (practical exposure) in new and emerging ventures; action-based instructional materials; and courses that develop well-defined entrepreneurial traits, skills, and competencies that must be acquired by students upon graduation. Results of the study showed the profile of typical faculty in the College of Business: a female, 48 years old, married, master’s degree holder, with 17 years of work experience in the academe and with less than three years of involvement in community extension projects. This highlights the increasing and dominant role of women, both experienced and educationally prepared, in academic institutions. The study revealed that the business academics sector is aging and many are about to retire. The study also found that the respondent faculty members, in general, perceived themselves to have all the entrepreneurial traits although in varying degree of possession, moderate to high, and those with work experience outside the academe have a higher level of educational attainment than those without experience outside the academe. This study showed that the entrepreneurial thrust, duration of the program, logistics, venue and relevance of subject matter were positively perceived to be effective and relevant to respondent participants’ entrepreneurial development. Moreover, respondent participants perceive the resource person/s in the extension projects to be credible, capable of establishing rapport with participants and using effective methodologies.
Copyright (c) 2017 Raquel G. Ramos (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Out of the Streets: Aided Self-Help Housing and Poverty Alleviation through the Townhomes Project of Taguig City
Poverty is a pervasive problem confronting the developing world. it is so systemic that many types of government interventions have failed in addressing the phenomenon. Measuring poverty does not pertain to pure economics alone but rather it incorporates other dimensions of human reality as part and parcel of this debilitating human condition. it has restricted the potentialities of many individuals to pursue their ends and aspirations. The exponential growth of contemporary cities generates greater costs for people. Poor families from the rural areas migrate and often look for better opportunities in metropolitan areas where most of the resources are available. in the Philippines, most rural dwellers are heavily concentrated in Metro Manila. To lessen this, the government has provided the “Balik Probinsya” or Back to the Province Program, to lessen the overcrowding in cities. The research employed both the qualitative and quantitative method using the descriptive type of research. Using both methods provided the robustness and reliability of the data gathered. The research was intended to find out if a correlation exists between the participation of beneficiaries of the selected community and their self-rated poverty alleviation.
Copyright (c) 2017 Kritzman G. Caballero (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Is the ASEAN Ready for Economic Integration? The Evidence from Panel Data Regressions
Complementary to the commitment of building the ASeAN economic Community (AeC) is the necessity to assess productivity and economic growth across the region. The prior experience of similar economic communities posit the importance of a strong production base in order to achieve a unified growth trend. in recent years, the general growth behavior of several ASeAN member states, taken individually, have been optimistic. in this paper, the paradigm for evaluating readiness towards economic integration used a Cobb-Douglas production function to identify key factors that may affect the sustainability of integration. The results of the panel data regression analysis reveal that both labor and capital are significant contributing factors to economic growth, taken individually among countries and collectively as a region. The evidence further indicates that the region is not yet ready for economic integration and that country-specific characteristics are apparent. This implies that in order to achieve a sustainable economic integration that benefits all ASEAN member states, further assessment and unification of economic policies within and among nations has to be made, especially those relating to the development of home-grown technologies and the establishment of a truly strong market and production base.
Copyright (c) 2017 Melly L. Paraiso, Ph.D, Andrei Nicolai E. Pacheco, MAe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Issues and Concerns of LGBTQ+ Community in the Context of the Academe: Bases for Policy Formulation in the University
The main objective of this research was to assess the issues and perceptions concerning the welfare of LGBTQ+ community at the Bulacan State University. Many studies had been done to address the problems among LGBTQ+ community, however, there are only a few studies who promoted policies and programs for the development of LGBTQ+ students. Meanwhile, the study is anchored in Self-Identity Theory which was based on groups being an important source of pride and self-esteem for individuals. Descriptive case study method was utilized in the study and interview was used as a technique in data gathering. In addition, there were six self-confessed LGBTQ+ students who served as participants in the study. The results revealed the LGBTQ+ students of Bulacan State University were experiencing discrimination and harassment from heterosexual students, staff, and administrators at the university. Also, it was found out that the university lacks programs, policies, and measures in catering the welfare of LGBTQ+ students. In conclusion, the university’s existing programs and policies about LGBTQ+ students should be revisited for the better understanding of the students, staff, administrators, and the university regarding the issues and concerns that LGBTQ+ students were facing.
Copyright (c) 2023 Dr. Regina Galang Dangangan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Precolonial Traditions and Practices of the Agta in San Mariano, Isabela
The study aimed to record the precolonial traditions and practices on the life cycle of the Agta in Sitio Diwagdan, San Jose, San Mariano, Isabela relative to conception, child birth, child rearing, courtship, marriage, and death and burial; also to document how the Agta observe their precolonial traditions and practices along the following dimensions of life: social organization, religious practice, economic, politics, and education. Based from the discussions made and findings of the study, it can be concluded that the Agta have rich precolonial traditions and practices on life cycle relative to conception, childbirth, child rearing, courtship, marriage, and death and burial. They have limited social environment; they are animistic and open to other religious sects; they depend on hand to mouth subsistence as they rely much on rattan resources in the forest as the major source of their livelihood; the Agta political system is limited to their tribe in which they do not involve themselves in politics at the barangay level; and education for the Agta children is the least priority of the Agta parents
Copyright (c) 2023 Gabriel L. Luna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Glass Ceiling and the Aspirations of Lady CPAs in Public and Private Organizations
This feminist qualitative research that made use of exponential non-discriminative snow-ball sampling was conducted using “open-ended questions on questionnaire” to explore the deeper insights of women Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in private and public offices. The themes that emerged from the data collected include: 1) confidentiality in pay that reduces transparency in determining level in the organizational hierarchy, 2) confidence and assertiveness of lady CPAs could contribute to professional skepticism which is crucial in detecting fraud and errors, and 3) flexible working hours not enjoyed. It was also confirmed that programs and policies for the well-being of women employees are available and in place, both in private and public organizations. Another issue that emerged is that the theory of glass ceiling still exists after a long time since it was first introduced. Aspirations and dreams of lady CPAs are varied, ranging from trivial to significant. The significant aspirations include hopes for gender and leadership diversity, mentoring, and mobility.
exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling
Copyright (c) 2023 Carmen C. Herrero, Rowell C. Marasigan, Renilda A. Magsino (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/