PUP Journal of Science & Technology
type: channel
description: PUP Journal of Science and Technology (PUPJST) is an open-access, double-blind, peer-reviewed journal published by the Polytechnic University of the Philippines; providing publication of articles in all areas of science, engineering, and technology. The journal welcomes submissions from all researchers, regardless of their geographic location or institutional affiliation. PUPJST publishes original scientific papers and application-focused articles, reviews, short communications, and narrative reports from recently accomplished research in all fields of science, engineering, and technology. PUPJST publishes original scientific papers and application-focused articles, reviews, short communications, and narrative reports from recently accomplished research from a wide range of disciplines, including but not limited to: Agricultural Sciences - crop and livestock production, sustainable agriculture, soil science, and agronomy Forestry and Fisheries - Sustainable forest management, biodiversity conservation, aquaculture, marine ecology, and fisheries management Life Sciences - Biology, botany, zoology, microbiology, genetics, and biotechnology Food Sciences, Nutrition, and Dietetics - Food processing, food safety, human nutrition, and dietary studies Environmental Sciences - Conservation, climate change, pollution management, and sustainability Computing and Information Sciences - Artificial intelligence, data science, cybersecurity, software engineering, and emerging technologies. Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology - Applied mathematics, engineering innovations, robotics, renewable energy, and smart technologies Publication frequency: The journal is published once a year. Print ISSN: 1908-9058 Online ISSN: 2546-0749 Email Address: pupjst@pup.edu.ph / pupjst@gmail.com
publisher: Polytechnic University of the Philippinnes
language: en
publication name: PUP Journal of Science & Technology
issn: 1908-9058
items: Comparison of Harris Performance as Activation Function to Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), Leaky ReLU, and Tanh in Convolutional Neural Network for Image Classification
items: Capacitive Deionization (CDI): An Environmentally Friendly Water Purification Technique
items: Data Security of Encrypted Data Using Hash-Based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) and T9-Based Data Conversion
items: https://publishing.pup.edu.ph/ojs/index.php/PUP-JST/article/view/475
items: Geographic Information System-Assisted Approach in Soil Erosion Hotspot Assessment of Banga Microcatchment
items: Green Wave: A Reserved Energy Source
items: Automated Cell Counter for Dunaliella Under Laboratory Condition
items: Design and Development of a Crab Shell Granulating Machine
items: Flooding Incidence at Aklan River as Affected by Rainfall
items: Preliminary Assessment Of Water Quality Of Donata Falls In Polillo, Quezon, Philippines Using Macrobenthos
items: Occurrence of Lead, Cadmium and Mercury in Seaweeds from Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines
items: Lung Disease Identification and Classification Through Neural Networks
items: Storage Stability And Quality Evaluation Of Coconut Water–Fruit Juice Blends
items: Utilization of Selected Urban Wastes as Substrate Solutions in the Growth and Yield Performance of Pleurotus sajor-caju (fr.) Singer (gray oyster mushroom)
items: Influence of Yeast, Chicken Manure and Daily Feeding of Chlorella ellipsoidea in the Population Growth of Moina micrura
items: Influence Of Varying Mix Design And Fiber Length On The Properties Of Water Hyacinth Particle Board
items: Enhanced Centroids Initialization Of K-Means Algorithm For Fixed Asset Monitoring
items: A Web-Based Water Quality Prediction And Decision Support System for the Early Developmental Stage of Holuthuria scabra (Jaeger, 1833) Utilizing Bayesian Networks
items: Coral Cover and Fish Abundance in Sicogon Island, Northern Iloilo, Philippines
items: Mycelial Growth and Fructification of Auricularia polytricha on Different Substrates
items: Development of Biogas Scrubber Using Water Purification System
items: Effect Of Adaptation Constant Μ In The Achievable Amplification Of A Real Time Lms Based Adaptive Feedback Canceller For Public Address System
items: Timing of Early Developmental Stages in Embyos of Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)
items: Analysis On The Anthropometric And Occupational Biomechanics Of Local Garment Factory Trimmers In Carmona, Cavite: An Input For Workplace Improvement
items: Statistical Quality Control and Process Analysis on the Production of Trash Bags Going Through Extrusion Process
items: Performance Characteristics of Sperm Detection by Microscopy and Purple Color Test for Acid Phosphatase in Vaginal Swabs of Sexual Crime Survivors
items: Fiber-Reinforced Thermoelectric Tile As An Alternative Source Of Energy
items: Development Of An Earthquake Shake Table For The Excitation Analysis And Performance Evaluation Of Structural Models
items: Effect Of Nitrogen From Different Sources On The Growth And Biomass Production Of Spirulina Platensis (Gomont) Geitler
items: Bioremediation Activity Of Isolated Chromium-Resistant Bacteria From Estuary Sediments In La Union, Philippines

Comparison of Harris Performance as Activation Function to Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), Leaky ReLU, and Tanh in Convolutional Neural Network for Image Classification
type: item
description: Activation functions (AFs) are the building blocks of a deep neural network (DNN) to perform image classification effectively by handling nonlinear data and extracting complex features and patterns. This paper introduces a new activation function (AF) called “Harris” a piecewise and nonlinear nonmonotonic AF inspired from the field of photonics. The AF was integrated to a simple convolutional neural network (CNN) using Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10) dataset to determine the model’s performance in terms of accuracy in training and testing, image classification capability, and feature extraction. Harris was able to exceed the leaky Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) and hyperbolic tangent function (tanh) target accuracies from α-values −0.80 to −1.00 in image classification, while the testing accuracies were able to exceed the target accuracies of ReLU from α-values −0.80 to −0.95. It was able to handle negative values solving the dead neuron problem and extract complex features through its feature maps which improve the F1-scores of the CNN model in image classification.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Harris
  topic: keywords
subject: Activation Function
  topic: keywords
subject: convolutional neural network (CNN)
  topic: keywords
subject: ReLU
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep learning
  topic: subjects
subject: Convolutional Neural Network
  topic: subjects
subject: Activation Function
  topic: subjects
subject: Image Classification
  topic: subjects
creator: Luther Villacruz
creator: Maria Lyn Bernadette Mendoza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 PUP Journal of Science & Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-04
publication date: 2025-12-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.70922/4cya0y10

Capacitive Deionization (CDI): An Environmentally Friendly Water Purification Technique
type: item
description: A porous carbon electrode for capacitive deionization was prepared by a simple screen printing technique. Polymeric binder suspension was utilized to form a solid activated carbon-based electrode. The prepared carbon electrode electrochemical property and specific capacitance were analyzed using a three-electrode cyclic voltammetry system. The specific capacitance of the developed electrode was almost identical even at various set scan rate and NaCl solution concentration, an indication of the electrode having constant ion adsorption capacity. Thus validated the experimental results, which clearly showed that the ion adsorption capacity of the fabricated electrode presents slight difference at different NaCl solution concentrations, wherein the highest ion adsorption capacity of 6.2 mg/g was achieved in 818 mg/L NaCl solution initial concentration.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: capacitive deionization
  topic: keywords
subject: water purification
  topic: keywords
subject: carbon electrode
  topic: keywords
subject: cyclic voltammetry
  topic: keywords
subject: capacitive deionization
  topic: subjects
subject: water purification
  topic: subjects
subject: carbon electrode
  topic: subjects
subject: cyclic voltammetry
  topic: subjects
creator: Ginno L. Andres
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-11
publication date: 2018-05-11
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.70922/bmrvad92

Data Security of Encrypted Data Using Hash-Based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) and T9-Based Data Conversion
type: item
description: The researcher has recently been working on the authenticity of information particularly with the use of cryptographic hash functions such as MD5 and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA). After critically analyzing the Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) algorithm, the researcher finds out that it can still be improved and strengthened by adding the T9 conversion, which also adds more complexity and security to the system. T9 keypad-based conversion is used in converting the data and this pre-converted data would then pass through the process of encryption using HMAC encryption algorithm. This work focuses on following the cryptosystem design, and includes the study of the activity process and procedures, as well as the method of the proposed system. Cryptography key, plaintext, message security, cipher, message authentication code, and hash function are the major activities that go with the cryptosystems. The study uses the incremental model approach to generate and illustrate the system functions and architecture of this project. The resulting system is a new algorithm developed using hypertext preprocessor (PHP) in a form of Library PHP file by the researcher for securing the integrity and authenticity of the data. It provides high security of text data with the use of authentication process integrated with the new researcher-developed T9 encryption decryption process.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: encryption
  topic: keywords
subject: decryption
  topic: keywords
subject: cryptography
  topic: keywords
subject: cipher
  topic: keywords
subject: T9
  topic: keywords
subject: encryption
  topic: subjects
subject: decryption
  topic: subjects
subject: cryptography
  topic: subjects
subject: cipher
  topic: subjects
subject: T9
  topic: subjects
creator: Francis G. Balazon
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-11
publication date: 2018-05-11
starting page: 12
ending page: 23
doi: 10.70922/rmdhkn17

https://publishing.pup.edu.ph/ojs/index.php/PUP-JST/article/view/475
type: item
title: Neutralizing Ability of Andrographis paniculata (burm.f.) Wall. Ex Nees Stem and Leaves Ethanolic Extract Against Neurotoxicity Induced by Naja philippinensis Taylor, 1922 Venom Based on Histological Changes in Danio rerio (f. Hamilton, 1822) Gills and Liver
description: The need for promising alternative sources of snake antivenin has placed a growing interest in utilizing pharmacologically active compounds derived from medicinal plants capable of inhibiting the deleterious effects of snake venom. This study evaluated the ability of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees in neutralizing the toxicity of Naja philippinensis Taylor, 1922 venom. Mature stem and leaves of A. paniculata were subjected to ethanolic extraction, and the extract was converted to powdered form through lyophilization. Ethanolic fraction was water soluble, and phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of N. philippinensis venom to Danio rerio (F. Hamilton, 1822), more commonly known as zebrafish, was 2.71±0.04 ppm. Seizures, hypolocomotion and paralysis were observed signifying the neurotoxic property of the venom. In-vitro neutralization of the venom LC50 with increasing concentrations of the extract was performed. The lethality inhibition within 24 hour exposure was used to express the median effective concentration (EC50-24h) of the crude extract. The lethality inhibition within 24 hours upon exposure was used to express the median effective concentration (EC50-24h) of the crude extract. Results showed that venom neutralization by A. paniculata ethanolic extract started at 77.64±0.82 ppm (EC50-24h). Histopathological analysis was employed in order to assess and compare the tissue damage induced by raw venom, with those induced by venom treated with various extract concentrations. Raw venom induced irreversible tissue damage in the gills and liver of exposed zebrafish. In contrast, venom treated with extract in higher concentration induced non-lethal alterations. The antivenom potential of A. paniculata has been demonstrated. Thorough investigation is highly recommended to elucidate the actual mechanism of its pharmacologically active compo…
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: Andrographis paniculata
  topic: keywords
subject: Naja philippinensis venom
  topic: keywords
subject: Danio rerio
  topic: keywords
subject: in-vitro neutralization
  topic: keywords
subject: histopathological analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Andrographis paniculata
  topic: subjects
subject: Naja philippinensis venom
  topic: subjects
subject: Danio rerio
  topic: subjects
subject: in-vitro neutralization
  topic: subjects
subject: histopathological analysis
  topic: subjects
creator: Carmelita P. Mapanao
creator: Theresita V. Atienza
creator: Rosalie Anne M. Mangahas
creator: Gilbert S. Agudo
creator: Clinton B. Bautista
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-11
publication date: 2018-05-11
starting page: 24
ending page: 38
doi: 10.70922/kw9nf105

Geographic Information System-Assisted Approach in Soil Erosion Hotspot Assessment of Banga Microcatchment
type: item
description: The study aimed to characterize the biophysical environment of the microcatchment, predict soil loss (t/ha/yr.), quantify soil loss for six months, estimate carbon and primary nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K) loss of major land uses using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) modified through Manifold System Version 8.0 and recommend doable mitigating measures. The Sibalew-Torralba Microcatchment (431.87 ha) is located in Banga, Aklan (122°19'845" and 122°19'449" East Longitude, 11°32"329" and 11°32'586" North Latitude). The two soil types were Sigcay and San Manuel clay loam with compacted surface value of 1.33-147g/cm, a pH of 4.7-6.1; with low N, P, K but medium in soil organic matter (SOM). The microcatchment belonged to Type III climate with mean annual rainfall of 2,183.47 mm. The topography is flat to undulating, rolling, and steep slopes. There are seven major land uses namely agricultural land, mixed vegetation, orchard/agroforestry, coconut-based, grassland, built-up, and water tributaries. Results revealed that the average soil loss at different land utilization types (LUT) was 159.51-1205.32 t/ha/yr. The average actual soil loss range from 19.98-1074.06 kg/ha for six months. Soil erosion hotspots (high-very high soil loss category) was predicted in four LUTs: agricultural land (upland rice, 206.29-618.73 t/ha/yr.; mix vegetation (natural vegetation, fruit trees associated with banana, and corn-vegetables, 75.15, 87.04 and 913.78 t/ha/yr., respectively); coconut-based (coconut-based perennial and mahogany, with underneath of upland rice, 96.37 and 154.77 t/ha/yr.), and built-up (institutional and roads going to provincial roads, 41.69 and 70.42-332.09 t/ha/yr.). Further, carbon loss range from 2.60 to 137.26 kg/ha/6 months; available N loss range from 3.65-172.27 kg/ha/6 months; available P loss range from 74.13-9297.25 kg/ha/mo. while exchangeable K loss range from 8.42-452.39 kg/ha/yr. Thus, application of best crop and soil conserva…
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: hotspot
  topic: keywords
subject: microcatchment
  topic: keywords
subject: erosion
  topic: keywords
subject: watershed
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: subjects
subject: hotspot
  topic: subjects
subject: microcatchment
  topic: subjects
subject: erosion
  topic: subjects
subject: watershed
  topic: subjects
creator: Carmenchita M. Tumaca
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-11
publication date: 2018-05-11
starting page: 39
ending page: 60
doi: 10.70922/5zxqfa14

Green Wave: A Reserved Energy Source
type: item
description: Excessive and wasteful use of power in addition to the continuous growth in population has stressed the supply of primary available energy resources. These resources, while damaging the earth’s environment, may not be able to meet the future needs for energy. A great shortage of energy is being experienced nowadays. It is necessary that it should be acquired or captured, saved, conditioned and be used through different techniques. One of these promising energy sources is ocean energy. In this project, the waves typically have low power so that storage became an important consideration to maintain a consistent power output. By submerging a floater, it forms fluctuations. The force of the floater above the water is fluctuating as the water rises and falls, driving a floater by using a pedal which passes the energy through a rotating wheel to the dynamo to generate electricity. This project provides a brief review of ocean waves and their potential as green energy surrogate to conventional energy sources. The basic wave energy conversion is discussed to provide an overview of the fundamentals related to the field. Nevertheless, the existing crisis of the country requires appropriate selection of renewable energy solutions. Ocean wave energy has the potential and is expected to contribute in the future needs for energy.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: floater
  topic: keywords
subject: pedal rotating wheel
  topic: keywords
subject: alternator
  topic: keywords
subject: green energy
  topic: keywords
subject: floater
  topic: subjects
subject: pedal rotating wheel
  topic: subjects
subject: alternator
  topic: subjects
subject: green energy
  topic: subjects
creator: Enrico M. Dalangin
creator: Lorissa Joana E. Buenas
creator: Mark Angelo C. Drio
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-11
publication date: 2018-05-11
starting page: 61
ending page: 72
doi: 10.70922/ktab5156

Automated Cell Counter for Dunaliella Under Laboratory Condition
type: item
description: In order to maximize the potential of Dunaliella sp. as feedstock for biodiesel production, the laboratory culture conditions must be fully understood to obtain high yield and good quality lipids. However, optimizing culture conditions need rigorous daily monitoring of algal growth that entails time-consuming protocol like manual counting of cells under the microscope. This research developed a cost-effective system that utilizes Haar Cascade Algorithm as classifier, to automatically count Dunaliella sp. cells in order to calculate the culture cell density and generate data through graphs. The Automated Cell Counter has a percentage accuracy of 87.75% and percentage performance of 87.75% using F-measure (F1-score). Moreover, the precision (exactness) of the system and recall (sensitivity of the classifier) has values of 72.76% and 71.3%, respectively. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the calculated cell density from automated cell counting and from manual counting done by domain experts of Dunaliella sp. is not significantly different (α0.05<0.609). Therefore, the Haar Cascade Algorithm can be used as classifier to count Dunaliella sp. cells.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: Haar Cascade Algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: Dunaliella
  topic: keywords
subject: classifier
  topic: keywords
subject: automated cell counter
  topic: keywords
subject: image processing
  topic: keywords
subject: Haar Cascade Algorithm
  topic: subjects
subject: Dunaliella
  topic: subjects
subject: classifier
  topic: subjects
subject: automated cell counter
  topic: subjects
subject: image processing
  topic: subjects
creator: Jonas Gerard C. Rigor
creator: Jose R. San Juan Jr.
creator: Armin S. Coronado
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-11
publication date: 2018-05-11
doi: 10.70922/6t65tx89

Design and Development of a Crab Shell Granulating Machine
type: item
description: This study investigated the performance of a developed crab shell granulating machine for organic fertilizer production. Various parameters were tested in terms of operating conditions of the machine and its actual performance in terms of granulating rate and efficiency. The dried blue crab shells were used as the raw materials for performance testing. The properties of the final product output were tested to determine its properties. Results revealed that the operating speed of the machine was 1200 rpm, with an operating capacity of 750 g, and granulating time of 89 seconds. The average granulating rate and efficiency were 8.07 g/s and 96%, respectively. Laboratory analyses showed that the nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium contents of the product output were 4.05%, 1.13%, and 0%, respectively. The obtained nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium values were comparable to their theoretical values and can be considered as potential organic fertilizer. The moisture content of 7.45% and pH level of 8.85 (standard range of 6.6 to 9.5) were also acceptable for application. Further study may be conducted focusing on the application of the product output to various vegetable crops to determine the effectiveness of the crab meal fertilizer.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: crab shells
  topic: keywords
subject: granulating rate
  topic: keywords
subject: granulating efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: operating speed
  topic: keywords
subject: operating capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: crab shells
  topic: subjects
subject: granulating rate
  topic: subjects
subject: granulating efficiency
  topic: subjects
subject: operating speed
  topic: subjects
subject: operating capacity
  topic: subjects
creator: Michael A. Aloria
creator: Immer Miko R. Adame
creator: Andrio D. Bautista
creator: Christopher Imperial
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-11
publication date: 2018-05-11
doi: 10.70922/wx7sv949

Flooding Incidence at Aklan River as Affected by Rainfall
type: item
description: The Philippines is among the most vulnerable countries in terms of disaster and climate change scenario. Based on previous studies, the provinces in the Philippines are classified according to their vulnerability to temperature change, rainfall change, typhoons, El Niño and flooding incidence. The province of Aklan is included as one of the provinces with high risk related to rainfall change. A 24-hour rainfall of 206.4 mm in December 2005, 246.80 mm in December 2010, and 202.80 mm in November 2011, resulted to flooding in the municipality of Kalibo and a 305.30 mm rain in June 2008 had caused severe damage to the low-lying areas of the region. But rainfall of only 124.6 mm in December 2012 had inundated some areas of the province. This was due to the incidence of high tide which prevented the river from emptying into the sea. Based on the result of this study, recurring typhoons and increased precipitation were experienced in the province of Aklan specifically during the Northeast Monsoon or Amihan (November and December). There is a weak positive correlation between rainfall and height of water at the Aklan River as indicated by r2 value of 0.011. This result suggests that changes in the independent variable (rainfall) are not associated with changes in the dependent variable (height of water). More rain and cooler temperature were noted in summer (March 2012) while least relative humidity, higher temperature, and least rainfall were recorded in August (Habagat season), and temperature ranged from 24.3 to 31.9 0C. More rainfall was observed in Madalag (295.8 mm), followed by Banga (263.0 mm) and Kalibo (243.0 mm) for 2012-2013. Based on a ten-year rainfall data, abundant rain was observed in June, September to December and started to decline from January to May and August. Aklan has a mean annual rainfall of 3,325.6 mm while mean temperature is 30.90C. Dry Spell condition occurred in 2014 since from January to June, rainfall was almost below to way below normal ra…
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: rainfall
  topic: keywords
subject: Aklan river
  topic: keywords
subject: monsoon
  topic: keywords
subject: dry spell
  topic: keywords
subject: rainfall
  topic: subjects
subject: Aklan river
  topic: subjects
subject: monsoon
  topic: subjects
subject: dry spell
  topic: subjects
creator: Jenita C. Prado
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-11
publication date: 2018-05-11
doi: 10.70922/qfefa436

Preliminary Assessment Of Water Quality Of Donata Falls In Polillo, Quezon, Philippines Using Macrobenthos
type: item
description: The macrobenthos distribution and productivity are directly influenced by physico-chemical parameters of freshwater systems which make them a good bioindicator. This study presented a preliminary assessment of Donata Falls to provide baseline information regarding its aquatic health status. No significant differences were observed among parameters measured, which include dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH and temperature. Based on the mean values of total nitrogen (14.09 ppm) and phosphorus (0.11 ppm), falls can be classified as oligotrophic. Macrobenthos were collected using bucket method. The macrobenthos community represents 1 species under Class Gastropoda, 2 species under Order Coleoptera, 3 species under Order Odonata and 1 species under Order Oligochaeta, Ephemeroptera and Tricoptera. Nerita sp. under Class Gastropoda obtained the highest abundance (37.03%) followed by Family Coenagrionidae under Order Odonata with 24.07% abundance. Abundance of these organisms would suggest that the falls has a good water condition. Family biotic index (FBI), biological monitoring working party (BMWP) and average score per taxon (ASPT) were also calculated. The average FBI value was 1.50 suggesting that there is no apparent organic pollution in the area. Moreover, BMWP score (65.6) and ASPT score (6.56) indicate that the falls has moderate to clean water condition.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: macrobenthos
  topic: subjects
subject: Modified Family Biotic Index
  topic: subjects
subject: Biological Monitoring Working Party
  topic: subjects
subject: Average Per Taxon
  topic: subjects
creator: Mc Jervis s. Villaruel
creator: Armin S. Coronado
creator: Ma. Vivian DLC. Camacho
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-11
publication date: 2018-05-11
doi: 10.70922/4besfs62

Occurrence of Lead, Cadmium and Mercury in Seaweeds from Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines
type: item
description: Eating seaweeds have many nutritional benefits to the body. Seaweeds also have many industrial uses such as bioremediation of polluted water. Batangas, Philippines is an industrial province located near the coast where seaweeds are abundant. This study is on the occurrence of heavy metals in seaweeds taken from Calatagan, Batangas, Philippines, and shows that all of the seaweeds tested are within the international food standard limitation except for one Caulerpa lentillifera sample. Moreover, estimated daily intake and health hazard calculation do not indicate potential health risks.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: seaweeds
  topic: subjects
subject: macroalgae
  topic: subjects
subject: heavy metals
  topic: subjects
subject: AAS
  topic: subjects
subject: Hg
  topic: subjects
subject: Cd
  topic: subjects
subject: Pb
  topic: subjects
creator: Abigail P. Cid-Andres
creator: Mary Joy P. Concepcion
creator: Edmar J. Borja
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
doi: 10.70922/r6hn8471

Lung Disease Identification and Classification Through Neural Networks
type: item
description: Public hospitals lack attending doctors who can interpret X-ray films thus, making patients wait for long hours just to get the test results. This study uses Neural Networks in identifying and classifying lung diseases based on X-ray image samples. The network can make the process of recognizing the disease faster, and doctors can just verify the result that the system has given. The chest X-ray samples were gathered from different hospitals around Metro Manila. These image samples were resized and had undergone image processing. Ten distinct points were acquired from each image using the Principal Component Analysis. All the points obtained from the images were placed in a single mat file. This mat file acts as the input data for the training of the Neural Network in the MatLab software. There are two hidden layers and has 10 neurons for each. The network type used is Feed-forward, Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation with trainlm as the training function. The adaption learning function and performance function used are learngdm and Mean Square Error (MSE), respectively. The Neural Network training state, performance and regression were shown. From the total of 206 inputs, 186 of those were correctly classified according to their disease. The Pleural Effusion has the highest accuracy with 94.87% and the Normal has the lowest with 79.31%.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: neural networks
  topic: subjects
subject: lung disease
  topic: subjects
subject: X-ray
  topic: subjects
subject: principal component analysis
  topic: subjects
subject: feed- forward
  topic: subjects
subject: back-propagation
  topic: subjects
subject: mean square error
  topic: subjects
creator: Rhia Joyce O. Eden
creator: Joanna Marie A. Ellarina
creator: Christine R. Manrique
creator: Rafael John B. Surnet
creator: Orland D. Tubola
rights: Copyright (c) 2015 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2015-03-15
publication date: 2015-03-15
doi: 10.70922/rkqzq411

Storage Stability And Quality Evaluation Of Coconut Water–Fruit Juice Blends
type: item
description: The development of an acceptable juice blend with mature coconut water as a full water substitute into a ready-to-drink beverage was investigated in this study. Mature coconut water was mixed with fruit juices of pineapple, orange and soursop (guyabano), separately and at varying ratios, to come up with a juice blend. Acceptability was determined through sensory evaluation. The best formulation of each juice blend were found to be as follows: Coconut water-Orange Blend 30:70 ratio; Coconut water-Pineapple Blend 40:60 ratio; and Coconut water-Soursop Blend 60:40 ratio. Storage stability was conducted on the most acceptable formulation from each fruit juice blend. Stored for 7 weeks at 4-5oC, the product samples yielded a decrease in Vitamin C content, more prominently in soursop blend. Physicochemical changes during storage did not affect product acceptance; the samples were still acceptable after the storage period. Microbial activity remained below limits hence thermal processing and level of acidity were found adequate. The proximate composition was comparative with recent studies.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: mature coconut water
  topic: keywords
subject: fruit juice blends
  topic: keywords
subject: Vitamin C
  topic: keywords
subject: storage stability
  topic: keywords
subject: physicochemical analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: microbial analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: mature coconut water
  topic: subjects
subject: fruit juice blends
  topic: subjects
subject: Vitamin C
  topic: subjects
subject: storage stability
  topic: subjects
subject: physicochemical analysis
  topic: subjects
subject: microbial analysis
  topic: subjects
creator: Lea B. Landicho
creator: Gilliane Marie C. Apacionado
creator: Maria Lourdes C. Lopez
creator: Precious Jewel B. Sacayan
creator: Maria Susan P. Arevalo
rights: Copyright (c) 2015 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2015-03-15
publication date: 2015-03-15
doi: 10.70922/k8exrc91

Utilization of Selected Urban Wastes as Substrate Solutions in the Growth and Yield Performance of Pleurotus sajor-caju (fr.) Singer (gray oyster mushroom)
type: item
description: Mushrooms are being cultivated worldwide for its nutritional and medicinal value. Agricultural wastes rich in lignocellulosic substances are commonly used as substrates for mushroom cultivation. Moreover, selected urban wastes that contain lignocellulosic substances are also potential substrates which when utilized can help lessen wastes in the environment. This study tested the possible utilization of selected urban wastes as solution substrates for the growth and yield performance of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer. Four different urban waste substrates (banana peels, newspaper, cotton textile scraps and mixture of leaf litters) and their combinations were used in the study with sawdust which served as the control. Percentage of mycelial growth, colonization period, primordial formation, harvesting time, number of fruiting bodies, cap diameter, stalk length, total yield and size of the mushroom and biological efficiency of the substrates used were assessed to determine the effects on growth and yield. Results revealed that the substrate with 50% newspaper + 50% sawdust showed rapid colonization, fast primordial formation and earliest harvest day and obtained the highest yield of mushroom and biological efficiency. Mushrooms did not proliferate mostly in the substrates with the combinations of leaf litter, however, 25% leaf litter + 75% sawdust produced less yield of mushrooms. The least yield of mushrooms was from the substrate with 100% cotton textile scraps. Other combinations used in the study are effective substrates in cultivating P. sajor-caju, but have different average number and yield of mushrooms produced. The study demonstrated that faster mycelial growth is consistent with better yield of the mushroom and highest biological efficiency of the substrate.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: Pleurotus sajor-caju
  topic: keywords
subject: urban wastes
  topic: keywords
subject: mycelial growth
  topic: keywords
subject: yield
  topic: keywords
subject: biological
  topic: keywords
subject: Pleurotus sajor-caju
  topic: subjects
subject: urban wastes
  topic: subjects
subject: mycelial growth
  topic: subjects
subject: yield
  topic: subjects
subject: biological
  topic: subjects
creator: Abigail Mae C. Jambaro
creator: Kimberly D. Neri
creator: Lourdes V. Alvarez
rights: Copyright (c) 2015 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2015-03-15
publication date: 2015-03-15
doi: 10.70922/nhsddk88

Influence of Yeast, Chicken Manure and Daily Feeding of Chlorella ellipsoidea in the Population Growth of Moina micrura
type: item
description: The total number of broods produced, daily fecundity and the size-class distributions of Moina micrura were determined in a four-day culture experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of rearing M. micrura in six culture methods. This study shows that addition of yeast, chicken manure and daily feeding of Chlorella ellipsoidea are the effective protocols in culturing M. micrura, which produced a significantly higher number of individuals (708 ± 66 individuals) compared with no yeast, no chicken manure and non-daily feeding of C. ellipsoidea. Higher production of M. micrura in chicken manure could be attributed to bacteria proliferation, which serves as additional food for the zooplankters, as well as to the products synthesized by bacteria to enhance growth. Daily feeding of C. ellipsoidea also contributed to high brood production of M. micrura, which may be attributed to the presence of certain nutrients necessary for growth and development of cladocerans. The proportion of neonates, juveniles and adults did not differ significantly among treatments but the lengths of developmental stages were significantly different among the treatments. Knowing the size-class distribution of M. micrura is important since this would allow determination of appropriate feed for fish with various gape sizes.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: Moina micrura
  topic: keywords
subject: size-class distribution
  topic: keywords
subject: culture method
  topic: keywords
subject: population growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Moina micrura
  topic: subjects
subject: size-class distribution
  topic: subjects
subject: culture method
  topic: subjects
subject: population growth
  topic: subjects
creator: Armin S. Coronado
creator: Ma. Vivian C. Camacho
rights: Copyright (c) 2015 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2015-03-15
publication date: 2015-03-15
doi: 10.70922/wfe1v423

Influence Of Varying Mix Design And Fiber Length On The Properties Of Water Hyacinth Particle Board
type: item
description: This study is focused on the investigation of the influence of varying mix design and fiber length on the properties of water hyacinth particleboard. A total of nine mixtures were considered using three resin-fiber ratio (70:30, 75:25 and 80:20) and three varying fiber lengths (13 mm, 26 mm and 52 mm) to produce 30 cm by 30 cm by 1.2 cm sample boards. The samples were prepared and tested for Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling Test, Modulus of Rupture Test, Face Screw Holding Strength Test, Internal Bond Strength Test and Edge Screw Holding Strength Test based on the Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards – 320 (PAES – 320) for Type 100 particleboards. Based on the test results, the amount of resin and the size of fibers used in the mix have an influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard. The more resin used in the mix the lesser the particleboard absorbs water. Moreover, the use of large amount of resin makes the particleboard brittle. On the other hand, the use of small and long fibers in the mix showed a significant effect on the properties of the board. Incorporating smaller sizes of fibers causes higher thickness swelling due to the larger exposed contact area that absorbs water. Consequently, the use of short fibers resulted to a low holding strength in the board and less continuous bond in the fibers, while the use of longer fibers caused difficulty and consistency in the mix which affected the even distribution of the binder. Hence, voids are formed causing lower strength in the particleboard. Generally, the particleboards having a resin-fiber ratio of 70:30 with 26 mm fiber length reinforcement exhibited the best performance among the nine mixtures satisfying the PAES - 320 for Type 100 high-density particleboard.
subject: Archiving
  topic: section
subject: fiber
  topic: keywords
subject: water hyacinth
  topic: keywords
subject: resin
  topic: keywords
subject: particle board
  topic: keywords
subject: fiber
  topic: subjects
subject: water hyacinth
  topic: subjects
subject: resin
  topic: subjects
subject: particle board
  topic: subjects
creator: Melito Baccay
rights: Copyright (c) 2015 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2015-03-15
publication date: 2015-03-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 16
doi: 10.70922/h9kg2j69

Enhanced Centroids Initialization Of K-Means Algorithm For Fixed Asset Monitoring
type: item
description: This research developed a new method of initializing centroids for K-means algorithm and applied in determining the status of the fixed asset. The new method introduced the comparator function to determine the appropriate initial centroids and proved to be more efficient than the standard K-means. Since the initial seeds of the traditional K-means algorithm are chosen randomly leading to more looping and computational time, the improved method is proposed to eliminate the unspecified selection of the initial cluster and reduce inconsistency in the final clustering. The major responsibility of the Asset Management Office (AMO) is to determine the maintenance level of various equipment of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP). However, with a lot of equipment it managed, some are not properly maintained and this resulted to a very costly repair. In order to implement the proper repair to the equipment, the age factor based on the depreciation and usage factor of the physical asset are utilized in the Enhanced Initialization of Centroids for K-means algorithm. The clustering result of the new method produced more consistent level of maintenance. Once the equipment is clustered using the new method, that same equipment is no longer clustered into another level of maintenance unlike the standard K means, and this is how the author defined duplicates. Local optimization or convergence of clustering is faster in the new method as compared to the old K-means algorithm. This has been developed to solve the problem of AMO, knowing the status of the equipment based on age and usage factors to determine what is the proper level of maintenance (major or minor repair) with the higher percentage of consistency in the clustering of equipment is needed in the fixed asset monitoring. The enhanced centroids initialization of K-means is adapted by the AMO of the PUP in Sta. Mesa, Manila. The fixed asset monitoring application was developed using Java Eclipse obtaining act…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: K-means algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: comparator function
  topic: keywords
subject: depreciation
  topic: keywords
subject: age factor
  topic: keywords
subject: usage factor
  topic: keywords
subject: K-means algorithm
  topic: subjects
subject: comparator function
  topic: subjects
subject: depreciation
  topic: subjects
subject: age factor
  topic: subjects
subject: usage factor
  topic: subjects
creator: Aleta C. Fabregas
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-31
publication date: 2018-05-31
starting page: 45
ending page: 63
doi: 10.70922/jrqpy780

A Web-Based Water Quality Prediction And Decision Support System for the Early Developmental Stage of Holuthuria scabra (Jaeger, 1833) Utilizing Bayesian Networks
type: item
description: Holuthuria scabra is a high valued marine species in the Philippines. During its early developmental stage, the larvae depends on the water quality of the larval tank in order to survive. But as the quality of the larvae tank changes unpredictably, only 2% of the larvae survived into a juvenile. This research aims to develop a decision support system (DSS) using Bayesian Networks, which predicts the water quality of the larval tank during the early developmental stage of H. scabra and provides suggestion on the amount of water to be added to the larval tanks to maintain an optimum water quality. Using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) to compute the forecast accuracy (FA), results show 84.37%, 88.44% and 88.44% accuracy in forecasting the salinity level, dissolved oxygen level and temperature, respectively and an overall FA of 87.08%. The FA in predicting the salinity level is significantly lower than the FA in predicting the dissolved oxygen level and temperature due to lack of variation on the training data. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) show that there is no significant difference (∝0.05<0.2576) between the advice of the DSS and human experts in the amount of water needed to be added to the larval tank.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bayesian networks
  topic: keywords
subject: decision support system
  topic: keywords
subject: Holuthuria scabra
  topic: keywords
subject: water quality prediction
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian networks
  topic: subjects
subject: decision support system
  topic: subjects
subject: Holuthuria scabra
  topic: subjects
subject: water quality prediction
  topic: subjects
creator: James Vincent O. Labnao
creator: Jerico M. Tana
creator: Mike lemuel B. Bacayo
creator: Armin S. Coronado
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-31
publication date: 2018-05-31
starting page: 36
ending page: 44
doi: 10.70922/hrcmye74

Coral Cover and Fish Abundance in Sicogon Island, Northern Iloilo, Philippines
type: item
description: Corals are tiny animals called polyps that live in colonies underwater, either in patches or extensive reefs. The country has an estimated 27,000 km2 of coral reef with only about 5% of this area still in excellent condition. The coral reefs provide high primary productivity and high fishery yields for food security, coastal protection, tourism, education, research and aesthetic value. Sicogon Island is an island in northern Iloilo Province, which is part of the municipality of Carles and it is approximately 140 kilometers from Iloilo City. It is comprised of three barangays namely Buaya, San Fernando and Alipata with an estimated coral reef area of 9.5 hectares. The existing live hard coral reef cover in Sicogon Island, Carles, Iloilo is in fair to good condition (40.44% - 65.51%). In four sites surveyed, fringing reefs off-shore of Brgy. Alipata and Brgy. San Fernando were in good coral cover condition while the two sites in Brgy. Buaya (Timberland and Purok 2) surveyed were in fair condition. The reef fish’s abundance and density in the reefs of four sites were low and fishes belong to Pomacentridae family (damsel fish) dominated the fishes observed in the area. This study will serve as baseline data to be used by the Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College (NIPSC), Sicogon Development Corporation (SIDECO) as well as for the LGU – Carles in the formulation of comprehensive management plan to sustainably protect and conserve this most precious resource.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sicogon Island
  topic: keywords
subject: coral reefs
  topic: keywords
subject: coral cover
  topic: keywords
subject: fish abundance and density
  topic: keywords
subject: Sicogon Island
  topic: subjects
subject: coral reefs
  topic: subjects
subject: coral cover
  topic: subjects
subject: fish abundance and density
  topic: subjects
creator: Quin Y. Clarito
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-03-26
publication date: 2025-03-26
starting page: 27
ending page: 35
doi: 10.70922/7rstzh27

Mycelial Growth and Fructification of Auricularia polytricha on Different Substrates
type: item
description: Auricularia polytricha is a wood-rotting mushroom known for being one of the edible mushrooms, and recognized for its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. To domesticate this species, the most favorable conditions for its mycelial growth and yield was evaluated in various culture media, grain spawn and fruiting substrates. The results revealed that A. polytricha cultured in coconut water gelatin (CWG) had the fastest mycelial ramification (6.33 days), and the thickest and highest mycelial growth at 13.17 mm/day. For spawn grain production, sweet sorghum produced the fastest mycelial run among grains at 5.0 days, had the highest mycelial growth at 16 mm/day, and had the thickest mycelia. For fruiting bodies production, the combination of good lumber sawdust, rice bran and lime (GLS:RB:L) had the fastest mycelial run at 30.33 days, highest mycelial growth (10.0 mm/day), yield (254.0 g) and biological efficiency (30.79%).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Auricularia polytricha
  topic: keywords
subject: culture media
  topic: keywords
subject: grain spawn
  topic: keywords
subject: fruiting substrates
  topic: keywords
subject: mycelial ramification
  topic: keywords
subject: Auricularia polytricha
  topic: subjects
subject: culture media
  topic: subjects
subject: grain spawn
  topic: subjects
subject: fruiting substrates
  topic: subjects
subject: mycelial ramification
  topic: subjects
creator: Leilidyn Y. Zurbano
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-31
publication date: 2018-05-31
starting page: 11
ending page: 26
doi: 10.70922/sb910c47

Development of Biogas Scrubber Using Water Purification System
type: item
description: Biogas can be used in the production of electricity, for heating and cooking. In compressed form, it can be used to replace compressed natural gas used in vehicles, such that it can fuel an internal combustion engine or fuel cells. Cleaning of gas is necessary to meet the pipeline quality requirement. The composition of the gas must be correct to be accepted by the local distribution network. Carbon dioxide (CO2), moisture, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and particulate matter must be removed if present. This study aimed to develop a biogas scrubber using water purification system. Specifically, the objective was to evaluate the composition of biogas before and after scrubbing in terms of percentage methane (CH4), CO2, Nitrogen (N2), and H2S. The development of the biogas scrubbing machine considered system components and material specifications. After fabrication, preliminary testing was done to establish different parameters such as working pressure and scrubbing time and amount of water needed. The study also evaluated the performance of the biogas scrubber in terms of percentage increase in CH4 and scrubber efficiency. An operation and maintenance manual for the utilization of the biogas scrubber was also prepared. After several trials and testing, the system inlet pressure operated at 4.6 psi. The system could increase CH4 in biogas by approximately 21.67 %. The scrubber efficiency was 68.67 %. It was recommended that further study should be conducted and consultation with experts should be done to improve the design and automate the operation of the system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: biogas
  topic: keywords
subject: scrubber
  topic: keywords
subject: water purification system
  topic: keywords
subject: scrubber efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: biogas
  topic: subjects
subject: scrubber
  topic: subjects
subject: water purification system
  topic: subjects
subject: scrubber efficiency
  topic: subjects
creator: Donnalyn C. Cabaces
creator: Rose Ann G. Andal
creator: Maxell Win C. Eguillon
creator: John Erick C. Pagcaliwagan
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2018-05-31
publication date: 2018-05-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.70922/ja8skf68

Effect Of Adaptation Constant Μ In The Achievable Amplification Of A Real Time Lms Based Adaptive Feedback Canceller For Public Address System
type: item
description: This study considers the problem experienced with public address system in an area constrained environment. In an environment wherein public address system is used to address the general public, acoustic feedback occurs unpredictably which significantly degrades the acoustic quality of the information signal. An adaptive filter is then presented, with the objective to reduce the effect of acoustic feedback of the public address system that might occur at any point within the area. The system covers a 20th order multi-tapped finite impulse response (FIR) adaptive filter that is implemented in field programmable gate array (FPGA). The performance of the adaptive filter with least mean square (LMS) adaptive algorithm was presented and the effects of the adaptation constant μ were investigated. The system was evaluated with a prepositioned speaker and microphone to which an acoustic feedback would occur by slowly increasing the gain of the audio power amplifier. An acoustic signal was also applied to a microphone as part of the evaluation. During an evaluation, the acoustic activity of the environment was observed by a spectrum analyzer and spectrograph. Results show that with large μ, the adaptive filter was able to quickly reduce the howling signal before the system exhibit an unstable behavior. However, results also show that the magnitude of the output information signal of the public address system with large μ is lesser compared to a smaller μ of the adaptive filter. This shows that the adaptation constant μ does not only eliminate the acoustic feedback but also reduces the amplification of the public address system with acoustic feedback controller.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: acoustic feedback control
  topic: keywords
subject: acoustic feedback canceller
  topic: keywords
subject: howling
  topic: keywords
subject: public address
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptive filter
  topic: keywords
subject: least mean square
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptation constant
  topic: keywords
subject: acoustic feedback control
  topic: subjects
subject: acoustic feedback canceller
  topic: subjects
subject: howling
  topic: subjects
subject: public address
  topic: subjects
subject: adaptive filter
  topic: subjects
subject: least mean square
  topic: subjects
subject: adaptation constant
  topic: subjects
creator: Roxcella T. Reas
creator: RYAN D. REAS
creator: Joseph Karl D. Salva
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-12-04
publication date: 2021-12-04
starting page: 49
ending page: 72
doi: 10.70922/g74fx405

Timing of Early Developmental Stages in Embyos of Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)
type: item
description: Sea urchin is one of the most important subjects in developmental biology studies due to its rapid and simple development. Timing for its development is a key component for most experiments. However, available data often vary due to the effect of temperature and other external factors. With this, standardization on the timing of the early developmental stages in embryos of Tripneustes gratilla was conducted in this study. Induced spawning and in-vitro fertilization were done on the collected sea urchins. Morphology of the embryo and timing for each developmental stage including early cleavage stages, morula, and blastula were studied. Sea urchin embryos started its development at 2 minutes after fertilization and reached blastula stage after 6 hours. Developmental stages of T. gratilla embryos exhibited embryological distinction from one another and tend to develop rapidly after fertilization making it an appropriate model organism for biological researches.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: sea urchin
  topic: keywords
subject: Tripneustes gratilla
  topic: keywords
subject: developmental stages
  topic: keywords
subject: early embryo
  topic: keywords
subject: timetable
  topic: keywords
subject: sea urchin
  topic: subjects
subject: Tripneustes gratilla
  topic: subjects
subject: developmental stages
  topic: subjects
subject: early embryo
  topic: subjects
subject: timetable
  topic: subjects
creator: Armin Coronado
creator: Mark Louie Lopez
creator: Ma. Vivian Camacho
creator: Maribel L. Dionisio-Sese
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-12-04
publication date: 2021-12-04
starting page: 15
ending page: 21
doi: 10.70922/atep7e48

Analysis On The Anthropometric And Occupational Biomechanics Of Local Garment Factory Trimmers In Carmona, Cavite: An Input For Workplace Improvement
type: item
description: In every work environment, it is important to identify risk factors that may contribute to the development of occupational disorders. This study aimed to analyze the work system of a local garment factory’s trimming department and to minimize the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among workers. The study involved ergonomic assessment wherein the proponents performed job worksite analysis, anthropometric analysis and utilized ergonomic tools such as Body Discomfort Chart (BDC) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). This was used to identify the body segments with high degree of perceived discomfort that eventually may lead to work-related disorders. Then, the study developed ergonomic interventions to mitigate the development of MSDs. Lastly, evaluation using postural analysis to simulate the new working posture of the trimmers in improved workplace design was done. The result showed mismatch between workplace design and anthropometric measurements that resulted to strong perceived body discomfort (p = 0.001) predominantly in lower back, shoulder and calf. Assessment indicated medium to high risk exposure to MSDs and implied that change in work system is required immediately (p = 0.000). Ergonomic interventions recommended improvement on workplace design components, which comprised of sitting-standing working position, a chair that every worker would fit in with an adjustable height from 57 - 63 cm (22.44 - 24.80 in) and an adjustable forward-tilting seat up to 15° to address lumbar area problems. The ergonomic solutions involved application of Anthropometry and Occupational Biomechanics guidelines in order to fit the work systems elements to the workers and to maintain the neutral working positions of trimmers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: garment factory
  topic: keywords
subject: perceived body discomfort
  topic: keywords
subject: postural analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: musculoskeletal disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: ergonomics
  topic: keywords
subject: garment factory
  topic: subjects
subject: perceived body discomfort
  topic: subjects
subject: postural analysis
  topic: subjects
subject: musculoskeletal disorders
  topic: subjects
subject: ergonomics
  topic: subjects
creator: Hazel A. Caparas
creator: Shiela Marie P. Martinez
creator: Rose Mae B. Velasco
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-12-04
publication date: 2021-12-04
starting page: 33
ending page: 48
doi: 10.70922/qcc1y051

Statistical Quality Control and Process Analysis on the Production of Trash Bags Going Through Extrusion Process
type: item
description: This study evaluated the extrusion process of trash bags of a plastic manufacturer in Marilao, Bulacan. According to the data that the company has provided, the process produced an average of 3,400 kilograms of scraps every month. The objective of the study is to determine the causes of this significant waste and recommend ways to mitigate or eliminate them. The study analyzes the process using descriptive statistics. Using Laney P’-charts, a type of statistical diagnostic tool that tries to see patterns in a data set, the proponents investigated seven months of trash bag production. The charts showed that there are days when a significant amount of scraps goes way beyond of what to be expected. Upon further examination of the events that happened on those days, it was found out that the changing of the pellets’ color caused the wastes. The charts also showed other noticeable patterns, and causes were found related to these arrangements like damp pellets, wrong machine configurations and more. The results showed that statistics are a powerful tool that can help with quality control and find the causes of defects in the production. Recommendations were made with proper planning of when to put on certain colors of plastic pellets as the main suggestion.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: extrusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Laney P’-chart
  topic: keywords
subject: overdispersion
  topic: keywords
subject: quality control
  topic: keywords
subject: trash bags
  topic: keywords
subject: extrusion
  topic: subjects
subject: Laney P’-chart
  topic: subjects
subject: overdispersion
  topic: subjects
subject: quality control
  topic: subjects
subject: trash bags
  topic: subjects
creator: John Joseph Fernando
creator: Dyan G. Rodriguez
creator: Dabielyn D. Jumaquio
creator: Errol Ricafort
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-12-04
publication date: 2021-12-04
starting page: 22
ending page: 32
doi: 10.70922/18t4zc32

Performance Characteristics of Sperm Detection by Microscopy and Purple Color Test for Acid Phosphatase in Vaginal Swabs of Sexual Crime Survivors
type: item
description: Acid phosphatase is an enzyme component of semen. Its detection is important in forensics as a presumptive evidence of seminal stain in sexual crimes. Although it is widely used in developed countries, the technology is not taken advantage by present institutions. To remedy the woes of concerned institutions, tests are carried out in the local setting to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the rates of the false negative and false positive results of a purple color test for the presence of acid phosphatase. A field kit from the United States has been assessed and compared to the performance characteristics of sperm detection by conventional microscopy in the Philippine National Police – Crime Laboratory. Results from a paired observation has yielded slightly better performance in terms of sensitivity for the purple color test. This has been significant at more than 99.9% confidence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: sexual crime
  topic: keywords
subject: test for semen
  topic: keywords
subject: acid phosphatase
  topic: keywords
subject: crime laboratory
  topic: keywords
subject: sexual crime
  topic: subjects
subject: test for semen
  topic: subjects
subject: acid phosphatase
  topic: subjects
subject: crime laboratory
  topic: subjects
creator: Mamerto Bernabe
rights: Copyright (c) 2021 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2021-12-04
publication date: 2021-12-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.70922/mewg8e16

Fiber-Reinforced Thermoelectric Tile As An Alternative Source Of Energy
type: item
description: Urban heating in modern cities that raises the temperature by 1℃ to 3℃ than the ordinary environment temperature due to the presence of high thermal mass materials present within the environment is a phenomenon called the Urban Heat Island Effect. These materials tend to store huge amount of thermal energy resulting to more humid environment temperature. This study proposes a method of reducing urban heating by converting thermal heat energy to electrical energy using fiber-reinforced thermoelectric tiles. The design of these tiles makes use of the concept of flywheel effect. Materials that possess high thermal mass can store thermal energy when the ambient temperature is higher than the material and releases it back when the ambient temperature is cooler. The study aims to convert the stored heat energy in materials to usable energy instead of being released back to the environment. This is accomplished by employing concrete cement mixed with carbon and aluminum fibers that act as n-type and p-type material, respectively, arranged in a way that one side is exposed to high temperature and the other side to low temperature. Result showed that a temperature difference between 15℃ and 35℃ can induce voltage and current between 0.75V to 1.80 V and 1.15A to 1.28 A, respectively, for a 305 cm × 305 cm tile. Moreover, result showed that while converting the absorbed heat energy, the ambient temperature cools down faster compared to using typical concrete tiles.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: albedo effect
  topic: keywords
subject: cement
  topic: keywords
subject: concrete
  topic: keywords
subject: cooling system
  topic: keywords
subject: thermoelectric fiber-reinforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: renewable energy
  topic: keywords
subject: urban heat island
  topic: keywords
creator: ROWEL FACUNLA
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-09-27
publication date: 2022-09-27
starting page: 62
ending page: 69
doi: 10.70922/9c88h350

Development Of An Earthquake Shake Table For The Excitation Analysis And Performance Evaluation Of Structural Models
type: item
description: The study focuses on the development of an earthquake shake table for data and performance monitoring of a pre-designed structural base isolation system that will pave way to the structure’s improvement of design through simulation of damping motion of the structural model in response to different earthquake magnitudes. The earthquake shake table gathers information on its test subjects by the use of attached structural seismometer sensors to calculate its damping motion and base shears, which are directly inputted to built-in monitoring software. The test subjects used for the experimentation process of the earthquake simulation table are two high-rise structure models, which were demonstrated with towers constructed with different materials evaluated through Buckingham pi theorem to replicate the most accurate results of an actual structure’s excitation during an earthquake. The two test subjects differ in their structural foundation, one is structurally base-isolated and the other is conventionally base-attached. The integration to the study of the DPWH guidelines and implementing rules of earthquake recording instrumentation for buildings were the basis of the location of seismometers to the test models to ensure that standard earthquake recording methods are verified and accurately followed. The results of the working Titan Mk.III prototype features the excitation recordings of the test subjects via the system’s accelerometers attached to the two structural test subjects combined with the magnitude produced by the earthquake shake table. The result of the test differs in the performance of the two test subjects wherein the base isolated-structure performed an average of 38.18% decrease in structural excitation compared to the other. To further improve the accuracy of the structural readings of the prototype, a 3D-rendered monitoring program is proposed to be integrated to Titans’ data recording software to produce more aesthetically and user friendly results. I…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: earthquake shake table
  topic: keywords
subject: base-isolated foundation system
  topic: keywords
subject: earthquake technology
  topic: keywords
subject: earthquake engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: structural engineering
  topic: keywords
creator: EMMANUEL BALANON
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-09-27
publication date: 2022-09-27
starting page: 49
ending page: 61
doi: 10.70922/g91w6g67

Effect Of Nitrogen From Different Sources On The Growth And Biomass Production Of Spirulina Platensis (Gomont) Geitler
type: item
description: Spirulina platensis is a filamentous cyanobacterium known for its promising nutritional value used in several industries. The biomass produced after 24-days cultivation treated with sodium nitrate is significantly higher (0.001 <α0.05) than the cultures treated with urea. Cultures given with nitrogen concentration of 1.648 g/L of sodium nitrate had the highest optical density (5.895 ± 1.095) and dried biomass (2.265 ± 0.390 mg/mL) but not significantly higher with other sodium nitrate treatments (OD: 0.395 > α0.05, DBM: 0.629 >α0.05). The findings suggest that urea is not recommended as an alternative nitrogen source for Spirulina. Results also showed that lower nitrogen concentrations (0.103 g/L) of sodium nitrate can be used to cultivate Spirulina without compromising the biomass production. Moreover, this study showed that the peak of growth rate happens during the 16th day of cultivation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Spirulina platensis
  topic: keywords
subject: nitrogen sources
  topic: keywords
subject: biomass production
  topic: keywords
creator: Armin S. Coronado
creator: Florabelle B. Cabbarubias
creator: Lanieleen Jerah Mae Arocha
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-09-27
publication date: 2022-09-27
starting page: 41
ending page: 47
doi: 10.70922/sz4maa41

Bioremediation Activity Of Isolated Chromium-Resistant Bacteria From Estuary Sediments In La Union, Philippines
type: item
description: Chromium contamination in sediments is contributed by industrialization. Elevated levels of Cr(VI) have crucial effects on living organisms' health and are detrimental to the environment. Bioremediation is an innovative and sustainable way of reducing hazardous substances to lesser ones. In this study, Cr-resistant bacteria were isolated from Maragayap Estuary sediments and its bioremediation activity was assessed. Soil samples were collected from the study site and were serially diluted and grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. Soil microcosm was amended with 60 ppm Cr(VI) and its heavy metal levels were evaluated in four weeks through US EPA 3060A and 7196A. Bacterial isolates were characterized and identified by 16s rRNA gene sequencing and their phylogenetic trees were constructed. Based on heavy metal analyses, Maragayap Estuary was found to be polluted with chromium. Isolates, designated as LG-01 and LG-03, were identified as Staphylococcus sciuri and Bacillus cereus, and LG-02 as the novel bacteria, Bacillus aerius. It was observed that all isolates can tolerate up to 300 ppm of chromium. The two Bacillus species produced putative carotenoids due to heavy metal stress. Results revealed that there was a reduction of Cr(VI), as bioremediation time progresses. The bacterial consortium reduced chromium faster than pure cultures at a rate of 0.8931 ppm/week. Individually, S. sciuri had the highest reduction of 1.65 ppm in four weeks. The results of this study may inform the community on possible human pathogens thriving in estuaries and may provide a possible microbial source of bioremediation agent to address environmental concerns in the freshwater ecosystem.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: bioremediation
  topic: keywords
subject: chromium-resistant bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: molecular identification
  topic: keywords
subject: estuary
  topic: keywords
creator: Divine Claire Lorido
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 PUP Journal of Science and Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-09-27
publication date: 2022-09-27
starting page: 19
ending page: 40
doi: 10.70922/mp46z843