The Mabini Review Journal is an international, biannual publication of the Office of the Vice President for Research, Extension, and Development, under the supervision of the Research Publications Office of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. The journal aims to promote scholarly exchange and encourage intellectual discourse within the academic community. It invites contributions from both local and international scholars, representing a range of philosophical perspectives. Emphasis is placed on clarity, coherence, and logical rigor in argumentation and exposition. The journal particularly welcomes works that critically engage with current issues, classical philosophical traditions, and emerging intellectual movements. Submitted manuscripts should be well-reasoned, thoroughly researched, and offer significant contributions to ongoing philosophical discussions. The journal also invites interdisciplinary contributions that engage with literature, cultural studies, the humanities, political theory, social history, Philippine studies, and related fields, insofar as they are grounded in substantial philosophical inquiry. The goals of the publication are as follows: (1) maintain confidentiality in managing submitted manuscripts; (2) observe timely publication of the journal; (3) pursue unbiased double blind review system; and (4) ensure that editorial decisions are based on originality, relevance, and quality of a manuscript and its contribution to the body of knowledge in the disciplines that the journal seeks to cultivate. Mabini Review is indexed and listed in the following: The Philosopher's Index Google Scholar Crossref PhilPapers Scilit: Scientific & Scholarly Research Database Andrew Gonzales Philippine Citation Index Philippine E-Journals Philippine Institute for Development Studies- Socioeconomic Portal for the Philippines Commission on Higher Education (CHED) granted Mabini Review Journal Category B Accreditation through CHED resolution No. 146-2015.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Articles published in the MABINI REVIEW will be Open-Access articles distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This allows for immediate free access to the work and permits any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.
Pantayong Pananaw Bilang Dulog sa Teolohiyang Pilipino (From-Us-for-Us Perspective as an Approach to Filipino Theology)
Colonial and elitist theology have been dominating the Philippine theological landscape for a very long time. This is a kind of theology that is Western and thus alienated from the reality of Philippine society, and written in English and therefore cannot be comprehended by the people. Because of this, a large part of theology as an academic discipline is still irrelevant to the Filipino context. One of the instruments that can serve as an antidote to this problem is the use of Pantayong Pananaw (From-Us-For- Us Perspective) as an approach. Through Pantayong Pananaw, Teolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Theology) can enrich itself as a Filipinization movement in various aspects. Some of these aspects are the application of emic concepts, use of Filipino language, translation, and exposition of Filipino theologians’ thought. The development of these aspects is a great leap forward toward the construction of a Teolohiyang Pilipino that is truly relevant to Filipino society.
Copyright (c) 2023 Mark Joseph P. Santos (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Rhetorics of Ecocriticality: The Ecocomposition of the Selected Poems of Francis C. Macansantos
Based on Hubert Zapf’s theory of the “Ecological Force” of Literature and Timothy Morton’s theory of “Ambient Poetics”, this study attempts to flesh out tropes of ecocriticism in the selected poems of Francis C. Macansantos from his collection Snail Fever: Poems of Two Decades (2016). From these theories, Macansantos’ selected poems are revealed to deploy the rhetorics of ecocriticality linking literature to a greater web of discourses concerning nature and the environment. In particular, discourses which are grounded in the interactions of the spheres of culture and nature become, in literary studies, the springboard for fleshing out ecocritical ranges and forces. This is further shown by expanding and thematically analyzing Dobrin and Weisser’s concept of ecocomposition or “literature’s constitutive existence.” Capitalizing on ecocomposition the supported by ecomimesis, the study posits that ecocomposition and ecological rhetoric of Macansantos’ selected poems take their cue from his ecocritical-creative stance from which place, situatedness, ambience, nature, and environment become discursive ecocritical categories. The analysis of the selected poems with strong ecological bent reveals a remarkable variety of ecocritical themes: the polarity transpiring between the anthropocentric and ecocentric domains of ecology, the precepts of shallow ecology that support the continuity of the anthropocene’s life through the resources of nature and the environment, the decentering of the anthropocene through the notion of deep ecology, the rhetorics of environmental debasement, and thoughts on sustainability as reflected in literature.
Copyright (c) 2018 Jan Raen Carlo M. Ledesma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
On Teleology and the Rediscovery of Human Attunement with Nature
Copyright (c) 2025 Gerlie Caspe-Ogatis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
BOOK REVIEW: Reworlding the Human: A Review of Symbiotic Posthumanist Ecologies in Western Literature, Philosophy and Art
In recent decades, the interdisciplinary encounter between posthumanism and the environmental humanities has engendered rich intellectual terrain for rethinking the status of the human, the function of narrative, and the ethical imperatives of multispecies coexistence. The edited volume Symbiotic Posthumanist Ecologies in Western Literature, Philosophy and Art: Towards Theory and Practice (Peter Lang, 2023), curated by Peggy Karpouzou and Nikoleta Zampaki, contributes significantly to this dialogue. Organized in three thematic sections— “Framing the Symbiotic Posthumanist Ecologies,” “Symbiotic Posthumanist Ecologies in Literature and Art” and “Symbiotic Posthumanist Ecologies in Continental Philosophy”—the book weaves a cohesive tapestry that connects speculative fiction, ecological aesthetics, and continental thought in an effort to imagine symbiosis not only as a metaphor but as a practical and ethical mode of being in the Anthropocene and beyond.
Copyright (c) 2025 ASUNCIÓN LÓPEZ-VARELA AZCÁRATE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Ang Kasaysayan at Diskurso ng mga Museo sa Center for Kapampangan Studies (The History and Discourse of the Center for Kapampangan Studies’ Museums)
Sa loob ng mahigit dalawang dekada, ang Center for Kapampangan Studies (CKS) ng Holy Angel University (HAU) ay naging pangunahing institusyon sa pananaliksik, pangangalaga, at pagpapalaganap ng kulturang Kapampangan. Isa sa mga pinakamahalagang ambag nito ay ang pagtatatag ng mga museo na nagsisilbing tagapagpatibay at tagapagpaunlad ng pagkakakilanlang Kapampangan. Gayunpaman, hindi pa lubusang natitipon at nasusuri ang kasaysayan ng mga museo ng CKS. Bilang tugon, ang pananaliksik na ito ay naglalayong magsagawa ng unang sistematikong pagsusuri sa kasaysayan ng mga museo ng CKS upang mapalawig ang diskurso sa Araling Kapampangan, Araling Pangmuseo, at pananaliksik sa kultural na identidad. Ginamit ang panayam bilang pangunahing metodolohiya, kung saan ang mga namumuno ng mga museo ang nagsilbing pangunahing kalahok. Pinagtibay din ito ng mga umiiral na dokumento tungkol sa CKS. Ipinakikita ng pag-aaral ang mga diskursibong pundasyon at adhikain ng CKS na nagbigay-gabay sa disenyo, tema, at layunin ng mga museo, pati na rin ang mga hamon at pagbabago sa paglipas ng panahon na nakaapekto sa estruktura, tema, at nilalaman ng mga ito. Sa kabuuan, ang CKS ay nagsisilbing ‘one-stop shop’ para sa kasaysayan, sining, at identidad ng mga Kapampangan at ang mga museo nito ay binubuo ng mga permanente at pansamantalang eksibit. Hindi lamang ito tagapangalaga ng kasaysayan kundi isang dinamikong espasyo na nag-uugnay sa nakaraan, kasalukuyan, at hinaharap. Ipinakikita ng pananaliksik na ang mga museo ng CKS ay patuloy na nagbabago at umaangkop sa nagbabagong panahon habang pinangangalagaan ang kultural na identidad ng mga Kapampangan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wilma Cruz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Saysay ng Dogs in Philippine History sa Multidisiplinaryong Pag-aaral ng Kasaysayan at Lipunang Pilipino (The Significance of Dogs in Philippine History in the Multidisciplinary Study of Philippine History and Society)
Umalpas at/o umunlad na ang pag-aaral ng kasaysayan ng Pilipinas—hindi na lamang ito isang kanonikal na pamamaraan na may pagkiling at humahango sa kinagisnang positibismong pananaw. Bagama’t kumakalas na roon ang ilang mananaliksik at historyador, hindi ito nangangahulugan ng pagtalikod sa pinagmulang pananaw, bagkus isa itong kaunlarang historiograpikal na habang isinasaalang-alang pa rin nito ang faktuwal na kaalaman, nilalakipan na ito ng samot-saring multidisiplinaryo at/o interdisiplinaryong pananaw na may pagkiling sa disiplinang kinabibilangan at inaambagan ng kaalaman. Humigit kumulang 700-pahina ang aklat ng historyador na si Ian Christopher Alfonso ng National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)—ang Dogs in Philippine History (DPH)—na may 28-kabanata—sa aking pagbibilang, habang ginagabayan ng 503-piraso ng plate o larawan, 3 mapa, 5 talahanayan, 920 na talahuli, at 496 na sanggunian—ay hindi lamang isang historikal ngunit tematiko rin ang pagkakasalanlan. Ito ay maari rin gawing balangkas at salalayan ng susunod pang mga pagaaral na nagkakaroon ng interes sa kalikasan at kapaligiran. The study of Philippine history has grown and evolved; it is no longer limited to a rigid, canonical approach shaped by traditional positivist perspectives. While some researchers and historians are moving beyond these conventional frameworks, this does not mean abandoning foundational viewpoints. Rather, it represents a historiographical development: factual knowledge remains important, but it is now enriched by a variety of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives, each influenced by the scholar’s own field and insights. Historian Ian Christopher Alfonso’s Dogs in Philippine History (DPH), published by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), exemplifies this progress. The book spans roughly 700 pages and 28 chapters. In my count, it includes 503 images, 3 maps, 5 tables, 920 endnotes, and 496 references. Beyond being a historical account, the book is also thematically organized, offering a structure that can guide future research, particularly studies interested in nature and the environment.
Copyright (c) 2024 Axle Christien Tugano (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
The Poetry of Rustica C. Carpio: A Mirror of Humanistic Discourse, Truths and Values
This paper is an attempt to analyze 8 poems in Filipino written by a prominent woman of Philippine letters, Rustica C. Carpio. Her disposition as a promising poet had never been the subject of local literary scholarship. As a poet, Carpio can be situated within the tradition of humanist poetry with her poems published in her book “Tilamsik ng Panitik” efficaciously chronicling the complex nature of man. The analysis situated the poems of Carpio within certain prominent traditions in Philippine poetry. In the form and content of her poetry, it is evident that we can see the strong influences of the mimetic, didactic and representational modes, impulses and traditions in Philippine poetry. As mimetic, representational and didactic poems capturing humanist discourses, truths and values, her readers can witness the depth and complexity of how she made sense of the actions and ideologies of man stressing different humanistic truths and values. The poems show how she provided an image of man with the goal of understanding his daily, promising, resilient, infallible realities, his naturalistic capricious disposition, utopic vision, and his morality and sympathy engaged in life’s vicissitudes rendering them as mirrors in understanding humanistic ideas and discourse. Leaning on the humanist discourses of Andrew Copson, Richard Norman and Jeaneane Fowler, the offshoots of these humanistic leanings of the poems also provide potent points for ruminating on the good life, humanistic deeds and wholeness of the human person, the search of true humanistic happiness, and the morality of his interpersonal connections.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jan Raen Carlo M. Ledesma, Ph.D. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Rosas sa Pampang, Bayan sa Dagat: Eko-salin ng mga Piling Tulang Arkipelahiko ni José Martí mula sa Versos Libres (1913) (Roses on the Shore, Nation at Sea: An Eco-Translation of Selected Archipelagic Poems by José Martí from Versos Libres (1913))
Sinusuri at isinasalin ng papel na ito ang limang tulang arkipelahiko ni José Martí gamit ang mga lapit ng di-tuwirang pagsasalin at eko-pagsasalin. Sa pamamagitan ng mga piling akda mula sa koleksiyong Versos Libres (1913), inilulugar ang panulaan ni Martí sa interkolonyal na ugnayan ng Cuba at Pilipinas, dalawang bansang kapwa dumaan sa magkatulad na karanasang kolonyal at may matibay na tradisyon ng anti-imperyalistang pakikibaka. Bilang makata at rebolusyonaryo, malaki ang naging papel ni Martí sa pagpapalaya ng Cuba mula sa imperyong Espanyol. Napili at isinalin ang kaniyang mga tulang “Midnight” (“Hatinggabi”), “Famous Island” (“Tanyag na Isla”), “Like Palm Trees Born in the Sand” (“Tulad ng mga Palmang Sumibol sa Buhangin”), “I Hate the Sea” (“Namumuhi Ako sa Dagat”), at “Sad Sunday” (“Malungkot na Linggo”). Hindi lamang naglalaman ng mga imaheng pandagat at pangkapuluan ang mga obrang ito kundi nagbubukas din ng alternatibong pag-unawa sa mga ugnayan ng tao, iba pang buhay na nilalang, at daigdig. Pinanatili sa mga saling-tula ang yaman ng tekstura ng wikang Filipino, lalo na ang daloy at pahiwatig ng mga tula. Higit pa rito, sa diwa ng eko-pagsasalin, lumilitaw ang masalimuot na relasyon ng mga persona ng tula sa kanilang ekolohikal at panlipunang kapaligiran, kung saan ang kalikasan ay hindi lamang tagpuan kundi aktibong bahagi ng diskursong antikolonyal. Itinataguyod din ng papel ang potensiyal ng arkipelahikong pagsasalin bilang paglalayag sa gitna ng marami, magkakaiba, ngunit magkakaugnay na mga wika. (This paper examines and translates five archipelagic poems by José Martí using the approaches of indirect translation and eco-translation. Through selected works from the collection Versos Libres (1913), Martí’s poetry is situated within the intercolonial relations between Cuba and the Philippines—two nations that underwent similar colonial experiences and share a strong tradition of anti-imperialist struggle. As a poet and revolutionary, Martí played a crucial role in Cuba’s liberation from the Spanish Empire. The selected and translated poems tulang “Midnight” (“Hatinggabi”), “Famous Island” (“Tanyag na Isla”), “Like Palm Trees Born in the Sand” (“Tulad ng mga Palmang Sumibol sa Buhangin”), “I Hate the Sea” (“Namumuhi Ako sa Dagat”), at “Sad Sunday” (“Malungkot na Linggo”). These works not only contain maritime and archipelagic imagery but also open alternative ways of understanding the relationships between humans, other living beings, and the world. The translated poems preserve the richness of the Filipino language’s texture, particularly the flow and nuances of the poems. Furthermore, in the spirit of eco-translation, the complex relationship between the poems’ personae and their ecological and social environments emerges, where nature is not merely a backdrop but an active participant in the anti-colonial discourse. This paper also advocates for the potential of archipelagic translation as a form of navigation across multiple, diverse, yet interconnected languages.)
literary relations between Cuba and the Philippines
Copyright (c) 2025 Jose Monfred C. Sy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
A Way through Pandemic: Daoist insights during the COVID-19 Crisis
The COVID-19 crisis has made most Filipinos reconsider, rethink, and reprioritize various aspects of their lives. While they are well-known for their resiliency, they are not immune to experiencing fear, anxiety, uncertainties, and other disruptions, as these are inevitable experiences during crises, particularly pandemics. While the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a public health crisis, there is a fear that it also provoked an existential one. This paper explores the philosophical insights of Daoism and its practicality and relevance to navigating such crises. In what ways can Daoist insights guide us regarding the right way(s) to manage ourselves during the crisis? How can these insights help us reframe our perspective of life during a pandemic? The paper employs reflective analysis to examine the crisis brought on by the pandemic and argues that Daoist insights can offer a practical approach to managing oneself and coping with the pandemic. This paper will highlight two Daoist principles: the principle of wu-wei and the principle of yin-yang. These principles are vital in approaching life with flexibility and balance. Ultimately, this paper shows that adopting Daoist insights will improve our understanding of the crisis brought on by the pandemic and how this could serve as a practical approach to managing our lives effortlessly during this trying time.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marck Zaldy O. Camba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Placing the Good Life: Towards a Phenomenology of Place
<span class="TextRun SCXW228863073 BCX8" lang="EN-PH" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont', 'Times New Roman_MSFontService', serif;" xml:lang="EN-PH" data-contrast="auto">This paper stresses the <span class="TextRun SCXW228863073 BCX8" lang="EN-PH" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; color: #000000; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont', 'Times New Roman_MSFontService', serif;" xml:lang="EN-PH" data-contrast="auto">place<span class="TextRun SCXW228863073 BCX8" lang="EN-PH" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont', 'Times New Roman_MSFontService', serif;" xml:lang="EN-PH" data-contrast="auto"> of a phenomenology of place in philosophical discussions on the constituents of what various philosophers designate as the <span class="TextRun SCXW228863073 BCX8" lang="EN-PH" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; color: #000000; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont', 'Times New Roman_MSFontService', serif;" xml:lang="EN-PH" data-contrast="auto">good life<span class="TextRun SCXW228863073 BCX8" lang="EN-PH" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont', 'Times New Roman_MSFontService', serif;" xml:lang="EN-PH" data-contrast="auto">. A phenomenological approach to place aids in addressing the taken-for-grantedness of our lifeworld and its implications—including but not limited to—questions on embodiment, freedom, and intersubjectivity. Phenomenology reveals the layers of meaning behind the varying dimensions of human experience that constitute their lived emplacement. In turn, a phenomenology of place examines the onset of a conscious and subjective interpretation of places, and things and concepts surrounding them. Making sense of the importance of place and locality is integral to the meaning-making endeavor that humans bear on their shoulders, even when the inevitable transformation of the world at particular moments in time leads to placelessness. Since phenomenology unfolds the richness of our everyday life, this philosophical reflection contends that <span class="TextRun SCXW228863073 BCX8" lang="EN-PH" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; color: #000000; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont', 'Times New Roman_MSFontService', serif;" xml:lang="EN-PH" data-contrast="auto">placing<span class="TextRun SCXW228863073 BCX8" lang="EN-PH" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; font-variant-ligatures: none !important; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont', 'Times New Roman_MSFontService', serif;" xml:lang="EN-PH" data-contrast="auto"> ourselves is crucial to construing a life well-lived that makes human flourishing possible. <span class="EOP SCXW228863073 BCX8" style="-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 36px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'Times New Roman_EmbeddedFont', 'Times New Roman_MSFontService', serif;" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559740":480}">
Copyright (c) 2025 Chloe Nicole Piamonte (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
The Fantasies of Filipino Identities: The Ironies of Racial Discourse in the 19th Century Philippines
This paper argues that the genealogical deconstruction of the 19th century idea of “Filipino identity” within the works of notable historical figures such as Luis Rodriguez Varela, Jose Burgos and the Filipino ilustrados, led by Jose Rizal, reveals its ground on the racial discourse of Eurocentric Hispanophilia. Contrary to the assumption that they were fighting for the emancipation of a colonized people against an unjust Spanish colonial regime, their works are more properly contextualized as political attempts to secure their own parochial privileges. “Filipinoness” and its attendant concept of the nation were, ultimately, not aimed at the destruction of Empire, but an ideology that desired its perpetuation. Simply put, Filipino identity construction in the 19th century was another instrument in the arsenal of Western colonial thinking, a mask for a deeply instituted neocolonial complicity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Michael Roland Hernandez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Peirce’s Ethics: Problematizing the Conduct of Life
Charles Sanders Peirce's ethics is based on his pragmaticist theory of meaning elucidated by his phenomenology and its transcoding into practice. An example of how meaning acquires practical effect is cited from Peirce's lecture on signs and their interpretation. His anti-imperialist stance against U.S. colonization of the Philippines has never been discussed before. This is the first time Peirce's politics is manifested in conjunction with his anti-nominalist explanation of signs and their ethical implications.
Copyright (c) 2018 Epifanio San Juan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
The pre-colonial Philippines was a vibrant archipelago filled with diverse faiths, ethnicities, and cultures, reflecting a rich blend of indigenous beliefs and practices. When Spanish colonization arrived, it dramatically transformed the religious landscape, introducing Christianity. Yet, remnants of pre-colonial spiritual traditions persisted, often merging with Catholic practices to create a distinct form of faith. This paper aims to explore the Traslación through various scholars. The focal point of this exploration is the Traslación, an annual event held every January 9 at Quiapo Church, which highlights the deep devotion many Filipinos have for the Black Nazarene. By drawing on both Western and Filipino philosophical traditions, this arrives into the sacred aspects of the Traslación, where the divine manifests through communal rituals and passionate involvement. It looks at how participants experience sacred time, moving from mythos (the stories of sacred history) to kairos (opportune sacred moments), creating a place where the eternal and the momentary come together. At its essence, this paper seeks to answer a fundamental question: How do we perceive and engage with the sacred in the context of the Traslación and Filipino folk Christianity? By placing this popular devotion in the broader fabric of Filipino spirituality, the study hopes to shed light on the ongoing interaction between indigenous roots and colonial impact, illustrating how Filipinos continue to shape their identity through dynamic and sacred practices. In the end, the dialectical link between the hierophanic nature of the Traslación and Filipino bayanihan shall be explored and later on, reveals a more serious societal issue.
Copyright (c) 2025 Johanne Randolf Andrada, Dominic Bautista Gonzales (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Isang Mungkahing Tipolohiya ng Teolohiyang Pilipino (A Proposed Typology of Filipino Theology)
Lagpas limang dekana nang umiiral ang Teolohiyang Pilipino bilang isang kilusang Pilipinisasyon, mula sa pag-usbong ng mga akdang teolohikal noong 1970s na malay na naghahanap ng pagka-Pilipino ng teolohiya bilang isang larangan. Sa kabila nito, wala pa ring umiiral sa kasalukuyan na isang tipolohiya na nagtatangkang mag-uri-uri at magsistematisa ng mga umiiral na literatura sa larangan. Layunin ng kasalukuyang pag-aaral na maglatag ng isang mungkahing tipolohiya para punan ang naturang puwang. Tungo rito, gagamitin bilang modelo ang tipolohiya ni F.P.A. Demeterio sa Pilosopiyang Pilipino, gayundin ang istruktura ng mga sublarangan ng Bagong Kasaysayan na nilikha ni Atoy Navarro. Gamit ang dalawang ito, bumuo ang may-akda ng isang tipolohiyang kinapapalooban ng apat na pangunahing erya: 1. Tipolohiya batay sa Wika (na humugot ng inspirasyon mula sa iskemang pangkami, pangkayo, pansila, at pantayo ni Zeus Salazar), 2. Tipolohiya batay sa Metodo (halaw sa pag-iiba ni Jose de Mesa sa panlipunan at pangkalinangang dulog sa teolohiya), 3. Tipolohiya batay sa Espasyong Heograpikal (alinsunod sa paghahati ni Salazar sa apat na larangan ng pilosopiya ng kasaysayan), at 4. Tipolohiya batay sa Eksposisyon (halaw sa sariling binubuong proyekto ng may-akda na Araling Kapantasan).
Copyright (c) 2025 Mark Joseph Santos (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Pagtataguyod ng Lokal na Industriya sa Diwa ng Kooperatibismo: Pakikipanayam sa mga Haligi ng Bagong Barrio Multi-Purpose Cooperative, Pandi, Bulacan (Promoting Local Industry in the Spirit of Cooperativism: An Interview with the Pillars of Bagong Barrio Multi-Purpose Cooperative, Pandi, Bulacan)
Ang “One Town, One Product” (OTOP) ay isang programa ng Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) na naglalayong tumukoy ng lokal na produktong maipagmamalaki ng bawat bayan sa Pilipinas na nakaugat sa kultura, mapagkukunan, at pagkamalikhain ng komunidad na pinagmulan nito. Sa bayan ng Pandi, Bulacan, hinirang na OTOP ang espesyalisadong kasuotan na gown at barong na itinaguyod sa pangunguna ng Bagong Barrio Multi-Purpose Cooperative (BBMPC). Sa pangkalahatan, nilalayon ng pag-aaral na ito na siyasatin kung paano naging instrumental ang diwa ng kooperatibismo ng BBMPC sa pagtataguyod ng isang lokal na industriya ng pananahi mula sa lente ng pansamahang puhunang panlipunan na nakaangkla sa ideya ng makataong pamamahala. Upang maisakatuparan ito, kinapanayam ng mga mananaliksik ang tatlong pangunahing tagapamahalang haligi ng kooperatiba na nagsilbing mga susing impormante. Nahahati ang diskusyon ng papel sa dalawang sustantibong seksiyon: 1) maikling kasaysayang institusyonal ng BBMPC at 2) ang mga dimensiyon ng puhunang panlipunan ng BBMPC (i.e., tiwala, network, at mga tuntunin at kaugalian). Sa dulo, ipinakita ng pag-aaral na ang kasiglahan ng Disenyo Pandi Wedding Depot na pinamamahalaan ng BBMPC ay isang konkretong katibayan ng pagtataguyod ng isang lokal na industriya ng pananahi sa Pandi, Bulacan. Nakaaambag din ito sa konserbasyon ng isang kultural na pamana, ang mga tradisyonal na kasuotang Pilipino, at sa lokal na turismo ng bayan ng Pandi. Ngunit hindi magiging posible ang patuloy na pag-unlad nito kung wala ang diwa ng kooperatibismo—ang pagtutulungan at pagdadamayan ng mga tagapamahala, kawani, at miyembro ng BBMPC.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jay Israel De Leon, Jennifer Delfin, Charity Joy Hashim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
A Gewirthian Analysis of the Rights of the LGBTQ+ in the Philippines
Politics is essential in ensuring the state’s security to uphold the common interest and the rights of the people. This paper examines the current political climate amid the political conflicts that affect the LGBTQ+ community in the Philippines due to the disproportion among the interests and beliefs of the state and the people. As such, Gewirth propounded the Principle of Generic Consistency, which focused on the imposition of duties on individual agents to do an action out of respect for one’s human rights. However, several thinkers contradicted the claim of Gewirth regarding the moral action of an individual, but I will expand on the analysis of Gewirth as to how any action of an individual does not limit the freedom of another and is a just metric. Meanwhile, an individual’s oppressive tendencies and unjust actions toward the LGBTQ+ community damage and hinder the progress toward social recognition of such rights. This is why I aim to utilize Gewirth’s analysis to show the possibilities for social justice and actualize a just society that respects and protects the human rights of a minority group in the Philippines.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yrein A. Canzon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Indifference to Difference or in Deference to Difference: A Treatise of Inclusion
This paper is a critical investigation of the concept of inclusion. It argues that the alternatives or disjuncts in the strict or exclusive disjunction are mutually exclusive: either we exclude, or we include – no middle ground. The choice to either totally exclude or totally include is a political exercise of freedom of being indifferent to differences or being deferent to differences respectively. In this context, inclusion is viewed as a critical attitude towards pluralism that accepts, but not without deep examination, the breaches of totality and the advances of the radical alterity. The paper begins with [1] a careful examination of the politics of exclusion that exposes and discusses exclusive tendencies of some laws, systems, policies, views, traditions, cultures, and practices. The succeeding parts deal heavily with [2] the navigation of inclusive spaces as a response to conditional or quasi-inclusive spaces, [3] moral justifications of inclusion using Immanuel Kant and John Rawls’ ethical frameworks, and [4] a thoughtful exploration of the role of language in the inclusion of the alterity in a pluralistic age in the lenses of Emmanuel Levinas and Paulo Freire. The paper ends with [5] an articulation of the logic of exclusion-inclusion towards the dialectics of inclusion as a necessarily transforming or transformative process - the means and the end. Save a few, most of the concrete historical examples that are [re]presented in the discussions are admittedly landmark Philippine jurisprudence. Even the laws that are [re]cited never escaped the Philippine context.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noel S. Pariñas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/by/4.0/
Fidelity to Human Phenomena and Being at Home with the World
Copyright (c) 2025 Gerlie Caspe-Ogatis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/y/4.0/
Pagsasalin ng Nobelang ‘Lidia’ ni Juan Crisostomo Soto mula sa Wikang Kapampangan tungo sa Wikang Filipino (Translation of the Novel “Lidia” by Juan Crisostomo Soto from Kapampangan to Filipino)
One of the notable works considered in Kapampangan literature is the novel ‘Lidia’ by Juan Crisostomo Soto, recognized as the Father of Kapampangan Literature, which was published in 1907. The purpose of this study is to come up with a suggested translation of the novel ‘Lidia’ by Soto from the Kapampangan language to the Filipino language as a contribution to national literature. Using the process and method of prose translation according to Abueg, Batnag, and Petras, the translation of the work went through three processes—salita-sa-salita (word-for word) translation, diwa-sadiwa (meaning based), and revising the translation according to the consultant’s comments and suggestions. Five methods of translation emerged from this process as follows: (1) words that have no equivalent in the target language; (2) idioms in the natural flow of translation; (3) adapting the translation to the target language context; (4) considering the context and environment of the time of translation; and (5) the natural flow of the translation in the target language. From this, the research developed a suggested translation of the novel ‘Lidia’ that went through an intensive and complex translation process that can contribute to national literature.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jeffrixx S. Parajas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/by/4.0/
Komparatibong Analisis ng Sayaw na Ritwal ng Karakol sa Cavite Gamit ang Panata, Pagtitipon, at Pagdiriwang ni Anril Tiatco (Isang Preliminaryong Pag-aaral)
Karakol is a ritual dance performed by the people of the province of Cavite every time there is a feast of a Patron Saint or a “Poon” in a chapel or parish. However, in recent years, there has been a shift towards the use of modern music and modern steps and variations in dancing the ritual dance Karakol. This change has received different reactions from the people, especially with the older generations. Some people are criticizing these changes, and want to bring it back to the dance to its traditional style. However, some people perceive these changes as an opportunity to attract younger generations to go back to church and continue the tradition of dancing the Karakol. This research paper examines the changes in the Karakol ritual dance. Focusing on the evolution of the dance and its ritual, the motivations behind the changes from traditional religious Karakol, modern religious Karakol, to modern secular Karakol, a proposed categorization by Dioso and Demeterio in this paper on Karakol Ritual Dance. The theory of cultural performance, and Tiatco’s phenomenon of Panata, Pagtitipon, and Pagdiriwang are one of the bases of this paper, this study comparatively analyzed the three proposed categories of Karakol using the data from interviews and online videos and livestreams, visual ethnography during Karakol celebrations, as well as the personal experience of the researcher as a devotee and as a Karakol dancer. By identifying the cultural meanings and symbols expressed in the Cultural Performance, the study identified the differences in the suggested categories of Karakol in two old churches in Cavite, the Tanza Church and Rosario Church. In this sense, traditional religious Karakol is being overshadowed while the modern categories such as modern religious Karakol and modern secular Karakol are becoming more popular and more recognized by new devotees and Karakol dancers. This research is part of preliminary studies on this undocumented culture of devotion through the Karakol ritual dance.
Copyright (c) 2025 June Kiervin G. Dioso, Feorillo Petronillo III Demeterio (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0//by/4.0/
The Relevance of Cultural Transformation and Autonomy of Thinking in Filipino Philosophy: A Critical Essay
Problematizing the coming fruition of cultural transformation and autonomy of thinking, this essay attempts to give Filipino society a disillusioned view of its national character. Centering on Leonardo Mercado’s trite notion of a given and almost static culture, the essay argues that cultural change is possible and necessary in the formation of a culture of intellectualization. This essay also serves to expose the working assumptions at the core of Mercado’s brand of Filipino Philosophy to deliver a prompt reminder of the purpose of philosophizing as an emancipative act from any face of social oppression. Ultimately, it challenges the view that Filipinos have to be unguarded and complacent with a “nativized” culture of corruption.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nathanael V. Navarro (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/by/4.0/
Araling Pangmanlalakbay: Mga Komento, Puna, at Rekomendasyon sa Isang Bagong Sublarangan ng Araling Kabanwahan (Travelers’ Studies: Comments, Critique, and Recommendations for a New Subfield of Araling Kabanwahan for International and Cultural Studies)
Last April 20, 2023, the book Banwa at Layag: Antolohiya ng mga Kuwentong Paglalakbay ng mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat was officially launched. Edited by Axle Christien Tugano, it contains 56 chapters written by 52 contributors about their own experience of traveling outside (and inside [in the case of one particular chapter]) the country. It is for this occasion of book-launching that this review was written. In particular, it focuses on the introduction of Tugano as the editor entitled “Kapookan ng Paglalakbay ng mga Pilipino sa Ibayong Dagat sa Konteksto ng Banwa at Layag sa Wikang Filipino,” especially on his formulation of Araling Pangmanlalakbay as a proposed new subfield of Araling Kabanwahan. The review is divided into three parts. The first part will take note of some “Pantayo elements” that can be found in the introduction of Tugano, such as the linguistic exploration of travel, formulation of new field as a critic to its Western form, periodization of travel’s history, diagramatic tendency, and emphasis on Filipino language. The second part focuses on mentioning some comments and criticisms about his on-going project of Araling Pangmanlalakbay (including the seemingly arbitrary use of the term lakbay [travel] and layag [voyage], auto-orientalist tendency in the face of Travel Studies, and insufficient connection between the internal and external aspect of Araling Pangmanlalakbay). Lastly, the review will offer some proposed projects that can be embarked on in the future for the development of Araling Pangmanlalakbay, like focusing on domestic travel, translation projects, exposition on the thought of Filipino experts on travel, life-story of and conversing with OFW travelers, among others.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mark Joseph Pascua Santos (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0//by/4.0/
Spinoza and Urban Cannibalism as the Promise of the City
In this paper, I introduce the idea of urban cannibalism and the promise of the city as a concept in relation to Spinoza’s relational ontology. As philosophy of the city emerges as a unique subfield in philosophy, I intend to draw an approximation between Spinoza’s immanent philosophy and urban cannibalism as a metaphorical signification that celebrates life in the urban environment. In this sense, I turn to the city which presents itself both as a promise and an illusion upon closer inspection. This is revealed by looking at the city and its determinations by invoking the dichotomy between culture-nature where the former tends to divorce itself from the latter. Here, Spinoza’s philosophy offers a way to transform this thought by looking at culture and nature in terms of immanence, and that the idea of urban cannibalism disturbs the characteristics we ascribe to the culture as artificial and nature as harmonic. Ultimately, I argue that in terms of using the notion of urban cannibalism as a device in perceiving the city, its illusions transform into a promise in realizing that as city-dwellers, we participate in the ongoing affective transformation of a city which brings about its teleological determinations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jan Gabriel S. Boller (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Welcoming the Youth: A Levinasian Ethical Response to Filipino Familial Norms and Practices
In the Philippines, children are often barred from participating in important familial and societal decision-making processes, as adults would invoke authority to silence the young ones from speaking and sometimes even treating children like retirement plans. Medina, Enriquez, Alampay, and Jocson, among other scholars, have associated this with the typical expectation that children should be submissive to elders and indebted to their families from birth. This paper examines how distorted perceptions of Filipino values rationalize and reinforce totalizing familial practices. In establishing this examination, the philosophical concepts of Emmanuel Levinas are utilized to develop an ethical response to the mentioned issues. Specifically, this philosophical exposition serves as a prelude to appropriation that involves two important actions: a curation of philosophical concepts in constructing an apt theoretical framework and pointers on utilizing the framework in the Filipino context. Thus, the paper proceeds as follows: First, I describe the traditional and evolving Filipino family setup by drawing from the findings of previous studies. Second, I construct a Levinasian ideal family inspired by his concepts of substitution and the Face, fecundity, hospitality, and eros. Lastly, from the first two parts I infer how, under the guise of traditional values, hides a Pseudo-face that totalizes. In response to totalization, I offer an ethical response on how Filipinos should willingly shoulder the infinite responsibility ethics demands.
Copyright (c) 2025 Carl Jayson D. Hernandez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Appreciation of Disturbing Art: Arthur Schopenhauer’s Aesthetic Perception on the Appreciation of the Art and Transcendence
The standard of pleasing art creates a notion that is axiological in the nature of the art itself. Given this claim Schopenhauer asserts that disturbing art does not provide relief for the spectator, therefore it may not be viewed as a temporary escape from life’s suffering. This opus claims otherwise using the very same principle of Arthur Schopenhauer on aesthetics and the Will to Life. The introduction provides the philosophical inquests of Arthur Schopenhauer that are associated with the metaphysical position of the very banal action of appreciation. This opens the threshold for a review of written positions on the variables that would ascertain this principle of the Will to Life, the material of disturbing art, and the framework of the transcendence argument. These are crucial to establish the argument that this paper asserts in accordance to the research questions provided in the introduction, which focuses primarily on the transcendental analysis of the value of a qualified disturbing art. Following this review, the methodological means and the framework of transcendence is given premium. Deriving these contents from the hermeneutical processes, the opus provides a graphic representation on employing the transcendental method through hermeneutical procedures. Thus, creates a framework for the apparent philosophical investigation. Given these, the explications and discussions allow a better view on justifying and qualifying disturbing art according to its metaphysical and phenomenological connection with the Being as a natural spectator. Thus, leads to a possible novel argument utilized under the principles of Arthur Schopenhauer.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rodrigo Emil M. Carreon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Aesthetics of Mobility: Comparing Singapore’s Changi International Airport and Manila’s Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Airports as gateways play an important role in our globalized society where intercontinental travel is an everyday occurrence. Airport mobilities have traditionally been measured through managerial and economic concepts. Hence, few scholars considered looking at the physical layout of an airport and how it affects the cultural understanding of passengers through an experience of mobility and efficiency. This paper explores efficiency as: (1) a system, (2) a trope, and (3) a privileged value in two Southeast Asian airports – Singapore’s Changi International Airport and Manila’s Ninoy Aquino International Airport. By analyzing their systems and politics of mobility, I maintain that the measure of efficiency inside both airports goes beyond quantitative measures, arguing that the architectural layout of the two airports can be used as another alternative measure of efficiency. Their similarities and differences reflect socioeconomic and cultural conditions that characterize the position of Singapore and Manila in a globalized world. My proposed redefinition augments the overall experience of the global traveler which mirrors the current economic and cultural status of the two cities: Singapore, a seamless network of structured urban rhythms and cosmopolitan flows, all converging into this small city-state that is already a globally acknowledged, economic giant; and Manila, a congested port city, where movements are constrained because of mismanagement and misplaced bureaucracy, thus opportunities are diverged elsewhere.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Miguel Leandro L. Quizon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/y/4.0/
A Homage to the “Sublime Paralytic”: Apolinario Mabini & the Advent of Filipino Historical Consciousness
For some perverse reason, Apolinario Mabini, though acclaimed as the “brains of the revolution,” has remained a “sublime paralytic.” What is sublime is not his being crippled but his thought and ideals that underwrote the whole period from 1896 to 1903, when he died, a victim of cholera. This essay argues that Mabini laid the groundwork for the Malolos Congress and the first Philippine Republic. He was the Republic’s first prime minister (from January 23, 1899 to May 7, 1899) and first secretary of Foreign Relations. In the latter position, he was tasked to confront two imperial powers: the defeated Spanish authority and the U.S. military and civil officlals whose racist ideology Mabini exposed—his signal contribution. What is perhaps “sublime” or still not appreciated is Mabini’s articulation of the emergent national-class consciousness embodied in the entire revolutionary process.The Republic’s legitimacy and its ethical/moral foundation was articulated by Mabini in his letters and discourses, chiefly in the “Decalogo” included in his draft of the Republic’s Constitution; and in his memoir, La revolucion filipina, the key narrative of our national transformation. Mabini’s decisive role in thematizing the collective ethos of the anti-imperialist struggle aganst Spain and the U.S., and its radical resonance for current radical mobilization, remains to be fully recognized. This essay is an initial attempt to do that via a speculative exploration of Mabini’s historical-materialist thought and its vision of a sovereign, egalitarian, and progressive Philippines.
Copyright (c) 2025 E. San Juan, Jr. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
SIMPOLOGY: Panimulang Sipat sa Retorika ng mga Piling Bidyo ni Bro. Mike Velarde Gamit ang Prinsipyong Aristotelyano (SIMPOLOGY: An Initial Study of the Rhetoric in Selected Videos of Bro. Mike Velarde Using Aristotelian Principles)
Ang pag-aaral ay nakatuon sa retorika ni Bro. Mariano “Mike” Z. Velarde, ang nagtatag ng samahang El Shaddai noong Agosto 1984 sa Pilipinas. Gamit ang lente ni Aristotle, sinuri ang limang playback ng kaniyang Healing Message noong Enero 7 hanggang Pebrero 2, 2023. Nilayon ng pananaliksik na (1) masuri ang kaniyang retorikal na dulog at makita ang hirarkiya nito sa kaniyang talumpati, (2) matukoy ang mga retorikal na tenet at ang hirarkiya ng konsistensi nito sa kaniyang mga talumpati, at (3) mailatag ang retorikal na dulog at tenet at ang kahusayan niya bilang isang laykong mangangaral. Gamit ang metodong pagsusuri sa nilalaman, napatunayan na mababakas ang mga prinsipyong inihahain ni Aristotle sa kaniyang mga talumpati. Lumitaw na sa kontemporaryong panahon, Pathos ang naging salalayan niya para maaabot ang puso ng mga tagapakining habang ang Ethos at Logos ay ginamit niya upang mahiyang ang kaniyang kredibilidad bilang ispiker at masuportahan ang mga argumentong kaniyang inilalahad. Napagtanto rin sa kabuoan ng papel na sa limang tenet ng retorika, naging konsistent siya sa paggamit ng imbensyon, presentasyon, at memorya na naging dahilan para matimpla niya ang mensaheng akma sa kaniyang target na awdiyens. Sa huli, ang kahusayan ni Velarde bilang mananalumpati ay nakasandig sa kaniyang makapagbagbag damdaming mga talumpati na kinasasangkapan ng ma-estrukturang imbensyon, masistemang presentasyon, at matalas na memorya. Ang simpology ni Mike Velarde ang nagdala ng tagumpay sa El Shaddai para sa kanilang pakay na malawakang ebanghelisasyon.
Copyright (c) 2025 Joven B. Makiling (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
A NOTE FROM THE EDITOR: DECOLONIZATION VIS-À-VIS THE CULTIVATION OF A LOCALIZED EPISTEMOLOGY
Copyright (c) 2024 Gerlie Caspe-Ogatis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
WHAT CAN PHILOSOPHY DO IN THE PRESENT? A Reading of Badiou and Zizek’s Philosophy in the Present
Copyright (c) 2012 Jayson Jimenez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/